DR.  HESS 


Stock  Book 


A  Scientific  Treatise  on  Horses, 
Cattle,  Sheep,  Hogs  and  Poultry 


Published  by 

DR.  HESS  &  CLARK 

Ashland,  Ohio 


^ 


This  book  is  fully  protected  by  Copyright,  and  all  imitations  or 
infringements  will  be  prosecuted  to  the  full  extent  of  the  law. 


Copyright  1901  by  Dr.  Hess  &  Clark. 

f  / 


Our  Growth 


OUR  SUCCESS 

The  two  preceding  pages  illustrate  our  past  and  present 
facilities  from  a  manufacturing  point  of  view. 

Since  1894  we  have  built  up  the  largest  business  of  its  kind 
in  the  world. 

From  the  little  frame  building,  which  Dr.  Hess  used  as  his 
office  and  hospital,  in  the  practice  of  veterinary  medicine  to 
the  immense  three-story  brick  structure  with  over  two  acres  of 
floor  space,  employing  250  people  and  operated  by  a  200  horse 
Corliss  engine,  with  complete  electric  equipment  for  the  trans- 
mission of   light    and  power,  this  business  has  developed. 

This  astonishing  record  in  so  short  a  time  is  evidence  of 
the  most  sterling  character,  of  the  merit  of  Dr.  Hess  Prepa- 
rations. 

And  yet  it  is  not  remarkable  either  that  such  a  prestige 
should  be  created  when  we  consider  the  origin  of  the  formulae 
for  Dr.  Hess  Stock  Food,  Poultry  Pan-a-ce-a,  Dr.  Hess  Dip 
and  Disinfectant,  Instant  Louse  Killer,  Dr.  Hess  Healing 
Powder.  Dr.  Hess  Worm  Powder  and  Dr.  Hess  Heave 
Powder. 

DR.  HESS  (M.  D.,  D.  V.  S.), 
who  formulated  the  above  preparations  is  a  regular  graduate 
of  medicine  and  -also  veterinary  surgery,  as  shown  in  the  affi- 
davit on  the  second  page  of  this  book. 

He  practiced  both  branches  of  the  medical  profession  for 
many  years  before  the  compounds  that  bear  his  name  were 
placed  upon  the  market,  and  it  was  the  success  of  these  pre- 
scriptions in  his  regular  practice  that  finally  induced  him  to 
put  them  on  the  market  for  sale  generally. 

We  believe  that  human  nature  or  instinct  would  lead  almost 
anyone  to  prefer  stock  preparations  formulated  by  a  graduate 
of  medical  colleges  and  an  authorized  veterinarian,  to  those 
manufactured  by  persons  who  are  uneducated  in  the  science  of 
medicine  or  the  requirements  of  the  animal  system. 

To  this  more  than  any  other  reason  do  we  attribute  the 
great  confidence  which  the  stock  raising  public  has  exhibited 
in  regard  to  our  preparations. 

After  years  of  experimenting,  adding  improvement  after 
improvement  as  science  discovered  new  ingredients,  and  sub- 
jecting the  compounds  to  the  most  severe  tests,  before  stock 
and  poultry  associations  in  the  United  States  and  Canada,  and 
finding  them  thoroughly  effective  for  every  condition  for  which 

4 


they   were    intended,    it   was   decided   to  place  them  on   the 
market  on  a 

WRITTEN  GUARANTEE. 
Dr.  Hess  Stock  Food,  Poultry  Pan-a-ce-a,  Instant  Louse 
Killer,  Dr.  Hess  Dip  and  Disinfectant,  Dr.  Hess  Healing- 
Powder,  Dr.  Hess  Worm  Powder  and  Dr.  Hess  Heave  Powder 
are,  therefore,  sold  on  a  positive  guarantee,  and  we  have  so 
completely  demonstrated  the  absolute  merit  of  these  com- 
pounds, that  we  are  able  to  furnish  this  written  guarantee,  in- 
dorsed by  banks,  commercial  agencies,  and  well  known  business 
houses,  who  vouch  for  the  fulfillment  of  its  conditions. 

OUR  INFORMATION  BUREAU. 

For  all  diseases  and  conditions  for  which  Dr.  Hess  Prepara- 
tions are  not  recommended,  we  enclose  a  little  yellow  card  in 
every  package  which  entitles  the  holder  to  a  letter  of  advice 
and  a  Special  prescription  from  Dr.  Hess  (M.  D.,  D.  V.  S.) 
free  of  charge. 

In  this  manner  we  furnish  a  universal  treatment  for  all 
stock  difficulties  either  in  the  preparations  themselves  or  in  the 
special  prescription  to  which  the  little  yellow  card  entitles  you. 

We  adopted  this  plan  in  order  that  we  might  guarantee 
Dr.  Hess  Preparations  for  exactly  what  they  really  will  do, 
and,  at'  the  same  time  supply  our  patrons  with  something  to 
meet  every  condition  known  to  domestic  animals. 

OUR  PRICE. 

It  has  been  our  policy  from  the  very  beginning  to  offer  our 
goods  for  sale  at  a  very  low  price,  admitting  of  an  exceptionally 
small  margin  and  depending  upon  the  volume  of  our  sales  for 
our  profit. 

We  believed  at  the  start  that  our  goods  would  command  a 
wonderful  advantage  over  those  made  by  unprofessional  manu- 
facturers; we  were  also  satisfied  of  the  public  appreciation  of 
our  Information  Bureau,  but  we  were  determined  to  make  our 
proposition  beyond  the  possibility  of  any  one  meeting  it  in 
any  particular. 

Therefore,  we  offer  our  goods  from  50  to  75  per  cent,  lower 
than  any  concern  in  existence,  size  of  dose  and  merit  con- 
sidered. We  could  not,  however,  make  them  better  if  we  were 
to  get  ten  times  our  price. 

That  we  have  succeeded  in  our  aims  the  illustrations  on  the 
preceding  pages  are  evidences. 

The  elements,  therefore,  to  which  we  are  indebted  for  our 
prosperity  and  which  have  determined  our  future,  are,  the 
merit  of  our  goods;  their  origin;  the  price;  our  Information 
Bureau;  and  the  written  guarantee. 


Our  success  has  resulted  in  not  only  a  large  crop  of  imita- 
tors but  has  forced  all  manufacturers  in  the  same  line  to  adopt 
our  methods  to  a  greater  or  less  extent.  In  so  doing  many  of 
them  strive  to  justify  their  use  of  the  word  "scientific." 

Some  of  the  more  unscrupulous  competitors  attempt  to 
deceive  the  user  in  every  possible  way.  Some  even  name 
their  goods  after  the  town  which  our  preparations  have  made 
famous. 

The  very  fact  that  competitors  are  willing  to  trade  on  the 
merits  of  our  goods  instead  of  their  own,  ought  to  mean  a 
great  deal  to  you. 

The  superior  merits  of  our  compounds,  the  large  packages 
and  their  small  cost  have  led  competitors  to  ignore  these  points 
and  talk  about  the  size  of  the  dose.  They  claim  that  their 
dose  is  smaller.  This  is  false.  Besides  most  stock  foods  are 
fed  three  times  a  day.  Dr.  Hess  Stock  Food,  at  full  dose,  is 
fed  but  twice  a  day.  Consider  the  price  per  pound  with  the 
dose  and  you  will  find  our  goods  the  cheapest  by   one-half. 

Peddlers  traveling  through  the  country  agitate  this  ques- 
tion of  dose.  Farmers,  stock  raisers  and  others  should  not 
accept  their  irresponsible  word.  They  should  learn  exactly 
how  much  other  measures  contain.  Then  compare  with  our 
standard  of  measure,  which  is  a  tablespoon,  bearing  in  mind 
that  the  average  dose  is  two  tablespoonfuls  only  twice  a  day. 
This  test  will  effectively  silence  all  false  claims  as  to  the  size 
of  the  dose. 

From  the  very  first  we  made  the  best  goods  we  knew  how 
to  make.  Stockmen  appreciated  their  true  value  and  became 
liberal  purchasers.  Their  appreciation  made  it  possible  for  us 
to  grow  and  develop;  made  it  possible  for  us  to  have  the  most 
perfect  laboratory  and  factory  facilities  that  now  exist.  The 
sincerest  reward  that  we  can  now  offer  is  the  best  compounds 
that  science,  brains,  money  and  machinery  can  produce. 


This  is  a  practical  book  for  all  farmers,  horsemen,  dairy- 
men and  poultry  men. 

While  a  strictly  scientific  medical  work,  it  presents  in  a 
plain  sensible  way  desirable  and  necessary  information  about 
stock,  and  the  diseases  that  afflict  them. 

The  man  who  conducts  a  large  stock  farm,  or  the  man 
who  owns  simply  a  horse,  a  couple  of  cows,  a  pig  and  some 
chickens  will  find  this  treatise  of  inestimable  value.  By  study- 
ing the  following  pages  and  following  out  the  suggestions  and 
hints  any  owner  of  stock  will  be  able  to  successfully  treat  his 
animals  in  all  ordinary  cases  of  sickness.  Having  a  thorough 
understanding  of  animal  diseases  he  will  readily  appreciate  that 
his  stock  should  be  kept  in  the  best  possible  condition.  This 
book  tells  how  to  do  it,  how  to  raise  fat,  strong,  healthy,  well- 
conditioned  animals. 

The  following  descriptions,  symptoms,  remedies,  treat- 
ments, etc.,  have  been  carefully  prepared  by  our  Dr.  Hess. 
These  various  facts  have  not  been  taken  from  other  books  or 
indiscriminate  and  probably  unreliable  sources  but  are  the  re- 
sults of  personal  experiences  and  scientific  investigations  con- 
ducted along  thoughtful,  modern  progressive  lines.  This 
record  of  scientific  research  is  the  latest  publication  of  facts 
that  you  can  possibly  secure.  No  matter  what  price  you  offer 
to  pay  you  cannot  find  any  work  of  this  nature  more  up-to-date. 

As  previously  stated  with  this  book  you  can  doctor  your 
stock  for  all  ordinary  complaints.  If  complicated  cases  arise 
with  which  you  are  unable  to  cope  or  which  you  do  not  under- 
stand we  offer  you  the  advantages  of  our  free  information 
bureau.  In  each  package  of  our  goods  is  a  card  which  entitles 
you  to  free  advice  from  Dr.  Hess.  You  have  the  opportunity, 
in  fact  you  are  urged  to  make  use  of  this  bureau  of  advice. 
Do  not  hesitate  to  write  fully  the  symptoms  of  the  disease  or 
the  details  of  the  injury.  Such  letters  should  be  addressed  to 
Dr.  Hess  &  Clark  in  care  of  Information  Bureau.  Our  Dr. 
Hess  is  a  regularly  licensed  Doctor  of  Medicine  and  a  Veteri- 
nary Surgeon.  By  a  thorough  training  and  a  ripe  experience 
he  is  fully  competent  to  successfully  treat  sick  and  ailing  stock. 
His  advice  will  be  beyond  question  worth  a  great  deal  to  you. 


The  food  for  a  horse  should  al- 
ways be  clean  and  free  from  smut, 
mould  or  dust.  The  ration  of  grain 
should  not  be  confined  to  a  single 
article,  such  as  corn  or  oats*  The 
best  results  are  obtained  from  giv- 
ing a  variety  of  grain,  such  as  oats, 
corn,  wheatbran  and  middlings,  with 
occasionally  flaxseed  meal.  Wheat  does  not  form  a  desirable 
food  for  the  horse,  as  it  is  apt  to  form  dough  and  is  quite  diffi- 
cult to  digest.     Green,  improperly  cured  grains  are  extremely 


DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE.  9 

apt  to  cause  digestive  disorders  and  should  not  be  fed,  especially 
in  great  quantities.  If  such  foods  are  desired,  the  amount  given 
at  first  should  be  very  small  and  to  each  feed  should  be  added  a 
small  amount  of  salt.  The  quantity,  however,  of  this  kind  of 
food  can  be  gradually  increased  after  the  animal  becomes  some- 
what used  to  it.  The  food  of  the  horse  should  not  be  too  con- 
centrated, as  bulky  materials  are  necessary  to  perfect  digestion. 

Hay — The  hay  should  be  well  cured  and  sweet.  If  hay  is 
given  before  it  is  perfectly  cured,  it  is  very  apt  to  cause  colic. 
Timothy  hay  is  most  desirable  for  horses  that  are  required  for 
rapid  work.  It  is  less  apt  to  cause  irregularities  of  the  bowels 
and  gives  better  staying  qualities.  Clover  or  mixed  hay  is 
most  desirable  as  a  flesh  producer.  It  is  very  nutritious,  and 
is  greatly  relished  by  most  horses.  The  amount  of  hay  required, 
under  ordinary  circumstances,  ranges  from  ten  to  twenty  pounds 
per  day.  The  greatest  quantity  should  be  given  in  the  evening. 
Too  much  hay  frequently  causes  heaves. 

Water— Water  for  the  horse  should  be  cool  and  fresh.  Stag- 
nant water  often  causes  derangements  of  the  stomach  and  diar- 
rhoea. It  should  be  given  often  and  not  too  great  a  quantity  at 
a  time.  The  water  drunk  by  a  horse  passes  rapidly  through 
the  stomach  and  small  intestines  to  the  large  colon,  and  for  this 
reason  it  is  always  important  to  give  water  before  feeding,  so 
that  the  food  will  not  be  carried  undigested  from  the  stomach 
to  the  bowels.  Horses  should  not  be  allowed  water  taken  from 
shallow  pools  near  the  barnyard,  as  the  eggs  of  numerous  par- 
asites frequently  are  washed  into  such  pools  by  dashing  rains 
and  when  drunk  develop  numerous  intestinal  parasites.  Water 
should  not  be  given  in  great  quantities  while  the  horse  is  heated. 
However,  a  few  swallows  can  be  given  while  the  horse  is  warm 
without  any  danger  and  to  the  evident  satisfaction  of  the  animal. 
During  fevers  fresh  water  should  be  kept  in  reach  of  the  animal 
at  all  times.  By  so  doing  he  will  never  drink  more  than  a  few 
swallows  at  a  time.  Water  should  be  given  at  least  one-half 
hour  before  the  feed  of  grain  is  allowed. 

Pulse. 

The  pulse  is  the  throbbing  of  the 
arteries  caused  by  the  blood  expelled  by 
the  heart.  The  normal  pulse  when  the 
horse  is  at.  rest  is  from  30  to  40  per 
minute.  During  severe  exertion,  excitement 
and  fevers  the  pulse  runs  much  higher.  The 
pulse  can  most  readily  be  felt  in  front  of  the  Feeling  the  Pulse. 
angle  and  at  the  lower  border  of  the  jaw  bone,  where  it  will 
appear  as  a  round,  pulsating  cord.     It  can  also  be  detected  near 


10 


DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE. 


the  middle  of  the  under  surface  of  the  tail.  The  character  and 
frequency  of  the  pulse  is  an  excellent  indicator  of  the  condition 
of  the  animal,  especially  in  diseases. 

Temperature. 

The  normal  temperature  of  the  horse  may  be  stated  to  be 
101  °  Fahrenheit,  although  a  variation  of  one  degree  is  frequently 
found.  The  temperature  runs  somewhat  lower  in  old  animals. 
If  the  temperature  is  found  by  the  thermometer  to  register  1030 
to  105  °  F.  it  indicates  a  morbid  condition  existing  somewhere. 

Teeth. 


Teeth  at  Ten  Years',  (ft)  Cross  Sections  of  Tooth  Showing  Wear. 

The  full  number  of  teeth  in  the  horse  is  forty,  and  thirty- 
six  in  the  mare,  the  tusks  being  absent  or  only  slightly  de- 
veloped in  the  female.  The  first  twelve  molars  (three  on  either 
side  of  each  jaw)  drop  off  before  the  animal  reaches  five  years. 
The  caps  or  crowns  of  teeth  frequently  cause  trouble  in  eating 
in  young  animals,  and  should  be  removed.  This  can  be  done 
in  most  cases  by  an  ordinary  pair  of  forceps.  In  older  horses 
the  molars  sometimes  become  uneven,  sharp  or  decayed.  The 
animal  shows  this  by  holding  the  head  to  one  side  while  eating, 
quidding  the  hay,  frothing  and  slavering  at  the  mouth,  pull- 
ing or  lugging  at  one  rein,  loss  of  condition,  staring  coat, 
irregularities  of  the  bowels,  and  general  ill  condition. 

Treatment:  Examine  by  placing  the  horse  in  a  good 
light,  seize  the  tongue  in  the  left  hand,  draw  gently  to  one 
side,  place  the  thumb  against  the  roof  of  the  mouth  and  the  teeth 
may  be  plainly  viewed.  Reverse  the  order  to  see  the  other 
side  of  the  mouth.     Watch  closely  for  scars  on  the  cheeks  or 


DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC   TREATISE-  11 

tbngue,  and  if  any  are  found,  take  your  animal  to  a  veterinary 
surgeon  and  have  the  offending  projections  removed.  Decayed 
teeth  also  frequently  cause  annoyance.  If  one  molar  tooth  is 
extracted,  the  tooth  in  the  opposite  jaw  frequently  becomes 
long  and  protrudes  in  the  cavity,  when  it  becomes  necessary  to 
cut  it  off  with  forceps. 

The  cuts  on  page  10  show  the  difference  in  the  teeth  at 
different  ages.  A  little  study  will  enable  anyone  to  approxi- 
mate the  age  of  the  animal. 

At  three  years  old  the  middle  teeth  above  and  below  come 
into  use.  The  milk  teeth  at  the  sides  of  these  are  whiter  than 
permanent  teeth. 

At  four  the  next  two  give  place  to  permanent  teeth. 

At  five  all  the  milk  teeth  are  replaced  by  permanent  teeth, 
and  the  horse  has  a  ' '  full  mouth. ' ' 

At  six  the  cups  are  quite  well  worn  out  of  the  crowns  of 
the  middle  two  teeth  below. 

At  seven  they  disappear  from  the  next  two  at  the  sides  of  these. 
The  cuts  show  the  mouth  at  seven,  ten  and  extreme  old  age. 

Cut  (b)  shows  tops  or  crowns  of  teeth  at  different  places  as 
it  appears  from  wear  as  the  animal  advances  in  age.  As  we 
approach  the  root,  the  wearing  surface  of  the  tooth  becomes 
narrow  from  side  to  side,  but  broad  from  before  backward 
across  its  surface,  being  somewhat  triangular  in  shape,  with 
the  dental  star  nearest  the  back  edge.  This  condition  will  be 
more  apparent  as  age  advances. 

Acute  Indigestion, 

This  results  from  sudden  fillip  S*.  ine  stomach  with  indi- 
gestible materials,  such  as  new  hay  or  corn,  grain  that  is  musty 
or  given  in  undue  quantity,  large  draughts  of  water  after  a 
full  meal  or  when  animal  is  exhausted,  or  from  severe  exercise 
immediately  after  a  full  meal. 

The  symptoms  are  at  first  those  of  simple  colic,  the  animal 
shows  pain  by  biting,  looking  around  at  the  side  and  pointing 
the  nose  well  forward,  by  frequently  lying  down  and  attempt- 
ing to  roll  occasionally,  arching  the  neck,  and  attempting  to 
vomit  and  eructate  gas.  Occasionally  he  succeeds  in  throwing 
off  gases  from  the  stomach  through  the  swallow  or  oesophagus.' 
Occasionally  a  horse  will  vomit,  the  ejected  materials  passing" 
out  through  the  nose.  However,  this  is  more  frequently  a 
symptom  of  rupture  of  the  stomach.  Cold  sweats  bedew  the 
body.  The  pulse  at  first  is  normal  but  soon  increases  in  fre- 
quency.    The  temperature  is  usually  not  raised. 

Treatment:  Give,  early,  a  half  ounce  of  tincture  of  ginger 
with  a  dram  of  oil  of  peppermint  added  to  a  pint  of  water.     If 


12  DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE. 

this  does  not  bring  relief  in  a  half  hour,  give  an  ounce  of 
tincture  of  opium  with  an  ounce  of  sulphuric  ether  in  a  pint 
of  water. 

If  the  animal  bloats  up  and  still  continues  to  have  great 
pain,  give  an  ounce  of  aromatic  spirits  of  ammonia  with  a  half 
ounce  of  tincture  of  ginger  and  a  half  ounce  of  fluid  extract  of 
hyoscyamus.  Where  flatulence  or  bloating  is  marked,  dram 
doses  of  naphthaline  in  a  half  pint  of  water  often  afford  relief. 
Give  walking  exercise. 

After  recovery,  give  easily  digested  laxative  food,  such  as 
bran  and  oats  with  a  small  quantity  of  mixed  hay  and  regular 
course  of  Dr.  Hess   Stock  Food. 

Chronic  Indigestion. 

This  disease  is  shown  by  loss  of  appetite,  roughness  of  the 
hair,  colicky  pains  after  eating  or  drinking,  even  a  small  quan- 
tity of  food  or  a  small  amount  of  cold  wrater  will  frequently 
cause  the  animal  to  lie  down.  The  bowels  are  usually  consti- 
pated, the  animal  becomes  anaemic,  as  shown  by  paleness  of 
the  mucous  membranes,  and  is  easily  exhausted. 

Treatment:  Give  a  small  amount  only  of  clean,  easily 
digested  food,  such  as  oats,  bran  and  carrots.  Give  water 
frequently  but  only  in  small  quantities.  Never  give  very  cold 
water.  Milk  and  eggs  are  also  an  excellent  preparation  for 
these  cases.  By  raising  a  basin  containing  milk  to  the  lips 
several  times  a  day  the  animal  will  soon  learn  to  like  it,  and 
will  drink  it  readily.  Hay  tea  with  middlings  and  flaxseed 
meal  is  also  excellent,  and  it  is  very  nutritious  and  quite  easy 
to  digest.  Blue  grass  pasture  is  also  very  desirable.  Dr.  Hess 
Stock  Food  is  especially  valuable  in  cases  of  chronic  indiges- 
tion. It  supplies  the  bitter  tonics  and  laxatives  so  essential 
in  this  disorder. 

Flatulent  Colic. 

This  disease  frequently  arises  from  food  given  in  undue 
quantities,  from  badly  cured  or  musty  grain,  from  severe  exer- 
cise after  a  full  meal,  from  exposure  to  cold  rains  when  horse 
is  exhausted,  from  large  draughts  of  cold  water  given  after  a 
full  meal  which  washes  the  undigested  food  through  the  small 
Intestine  into  the  colon,  the  most  common  seat  of  flatulent  colic. 

A  very  prominent  symptom  is  fullness  of  the  sides,  especially 
on  the  right  side  at  the  flank.  The  back  is  arched,  the  breath- 
ing becomes  frequent,  the  nostrils  dilate  and  the  pulse  increases 
in  frequency.    The  animal  shows  pain  by  frequently  lying  down. 

Treatment:  Give  a  tablespoonful  of  Dr.  Hess.  Colic 
Remedy  in  one  pint  of  water.  Repeat  in  half  an  hour 
if  necessary.      After  three  doses   give   every  hour  until   re- 


DR.  HESS  SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE.  13 

lieved,  or  if  you  cannot  get  this  preparation  give  a  pint 
of  raw  flaxseed  oil  with  an  ounce  of  aromatic  spirits 
of  ammonia  and  an  ounce  of  turpentine  well  shaken  to- 
gether. If  the  pain  is  very  great  six  to  eight  drams  of 
Cannabis  Indica  can  be  placed  in  the  mouth  between  the  teeth, 
or  6  or  8  drams  of  chloral-hydrate  can  be  given  dissolved  in  a 
pint  of  water.  A  half  to  an  ounce  of  hyposulphite  of  soda 
dissolved  in  a  pint  of  water  is  also  excellent  to  prevent  the 
further  formation  of  gas. 

Spasmodic  Colic. 

This  disease  is  due  to  sudden  spasm  of  the  muscular  walls 
of  the  intestines.  It  results  from  irritating  materials,  either 
water  or  food,  or  frequently  intestinal  worms. 

Symptoms:  The  animal  shows  great  pain,  will  lie  down 
suddenly  and  will  roll  frequently,  will  get  up  and  kick  at  the 
belly,  turn  once  or  twice  around  and  then  lie  down  again,  The 
tail  becomes  kinked  or  bent,  and  the  animal  frequently  strikes 
the  belly  with  the  hind  foot.  The 
pain,  as  shown  by  the  animal,  is  very 
great,  but  the  pulse  and  temperature 
are  not  abnormal. 

Treatment:  Give  Dr.  Hess 
Colic  Remedy  as  directed,  or  a  dram 
of  fluid  extract  of  bella- 
donna with  an  ounce  of 
laudanum  given  at  once. 
This  should  be  followed  in 
one  half  hour  with  an  ounce  Spasmodic  Colic. 

of  chloral-hydrate  and  one-half  ounce  tincture  of  ginger  in  a 
pint  of  water.  If  the  pain  is  extreme,  give  6  to  8  drams  of  ex- 
tract of  Cannabis  Indica  made  into  a  ball  and  placed  well  back 
in  the  mouth.  Hot  rugs  applied  to  the  abdomen  also  give  re- 
lief.    Injections  of  warm  water  should  also  be  employed. 

Impaction  of  the  Stomach. 

This  difficulty  arises  from  an  over  amount  of  food  given 
after  a  period  of  fasting  or  from  food  of  a  bulky  indigestible 
nature  given  in  undue  quantity.  It  may  also  arise  from  atony 
or  partial  paralysis  of  the  stomach. 

Symptoms:  The  horse  shows  colicky  pains  with  frequent 
biting  and  striking  with  the  front  feet.  The  muscles  of  the 
shoulders  tremble  and  he  has  an  anxious  look  with  dilated 
pupils.  Horse  strikes  viciously  with  the  front  foot,  frequently 
demolishing  mangers.  He  will  strike  against  the  manger  with 
the  breast,  will  frequently  look  around  at  the  side,  will  move 


14  DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE. 

from  one  side  of  the  stall  to  another,  especially  with  hind  parts. 
The  pulse  becomes  rapid  and  weak,  the  temperature  will  also 
rise  two  or  three  degrees.  There  will  be  tremor  of  the  muscles 
of  the  front  shoulders,  and  if  no  relief  is  afforded  death  will 
follow  in  from  twelve  to  twenty- four  hours  from  exhaustion. 

Treatment:  Give  Dr.  Hess  Colic  Remedy,  or  give  a  drench 
of  two  or  three  quarts  of  warm  water  to  soften  the  contents  of 
the  stomach .  Add  a  dram  of  nux  vomica.  Give  hypodermic  in- 
jections of  morphine,  4  to  6  grains.  If  not  relieved  in  an  hour 
or  two,  repeat  the  drench  of  warm  water  and  give  a  pint  of  raw 
flaxseed  oil  with  one-half  ounce  tincture  of  ginger.  Allay  the 
pain  by  hypodermic  injections  of  morphine  or  full  doses  of 
extract  of  Cannabis  Indica,  six  drams,  placed  upon  the  tongue. 

Inflammation  of  the  Bowels. 

This  disease  is  often  caused  by  injuries,  or  from  retaining 
indigestible  materials,  or  from  draughts  of  cold  water  or  ex- 
posure to  cold. 

The  symptoms  at  first  are  those  of  common  colic,  with  a 
slight  elevation  of  temperature  and  an  increase  in  the  frequency 
of  the  pulse.  The  animal  will  show  pain  by  pressure  upon 
the  abdomen.  He  will  lie  down  somewhat  carefully,  will  roll 
upon  his  back  and  will  remain  in  this  position.  As  the  disease 
progresses  the  temperature  will  rise  to  103  or  4  or  even  5 
degrees  F.,  the  pulse  also  becomes  frequent  and  quick,  the 
nostrils  are  distended,  the  pupils  are  dilated  and  the  animal 
has  an  anxious  look.  All  food  or  drink  is  rejected  and  the 
animal  frequently  walks  around  the  stall. 

Treatment:  This  disease  is  extremely  fatal  and  the  only 
chance  of  success  is  in  keeping  the  animal  quiet.  This  is  best 
done  by  the  administration  of  laudanum  in  ounce  doses,  or 
powdered  opium  in  one  to  two  dram  doses  every  4  to  6  hours. 
Give  Dr.  Hess  Colic  Remedy,  or  an  ounce  of  tincture  of  hyos- 
cyamus  with  6  to  8  drams  of  Cannabis  Indica  to  allay  the  pain 
and  produce  sleep.  Hypodermic  injections  of  five  grains  of 
morphine  can  sometimes  be  given  to  advantage,  but  the  dose 
of  morphine  or  opium  should  not  be  repeated,  as  it  causes  delir- 
ium.    Hot  rugs  should  be  applied  to  the  abdomen. 

Constipation. 

This  difficulty  frequently  arises  from  feeding  too  great 
quantities  of  coarse,  indigestible  material,  such  as  straw,  tim- 
othy hay  and  corn  without  sufficient  salt  or  providing  the 
animal  with  water.  If  present  any  considerable  length  of  time 
the  animal  loses  flesh,  has  a  staring  coat,  and  is  hide  bound. 

The  symptoms  are  those  of  light  colic,  the  pulse  and  tem- 
perature remain  normal,  the  appetite  is  fairly  good,  and  the 


DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE.  15 

animal  will  frequently  pass  hard,  dry  pellets  of  dung.  The 
characteristic  symptom  of  constipation  is  that  the  animal  will 
lie  down  flat  on  the  side,  will  stretch  out  and  remain  in  this 
position  for  a  considerable  length  of  time. 

Treatment:  In  moderate  cases  a  well  regulated,  laxative 
food  is  all  that  is  required,  well  salted  bran  mashes  with  flax- 
seed meal  or  green  vegetables,  such  as  beets  and  carrots.  Dr. 
Hess'  Stock  Food  is  especially  valuable  in  cases  of  constipation, 
as  it  acts  as  a  laxative  and  also  tones  up  the  muscular  walls  of 
the  bowels  and  increase  their  peristaltic  action.  No  horse  will 
apoear  at  his  best  or  take  on  flesh  rapidly  if  constipated. 

Impaction  of  the  Bowels  or  Colon. 

Impaction  of  the  bowels  with  hard,  dry  matter  is  a  common 
occurrence,  and  the  symptoms  are  those  of  constipation  but 
more  marked  and  persistent. 

Treatment:  Give  a  pound  of  Glauber's  salts  dissolved  in 
a  gallon  of  warm  water.  Follow  this  in  six  hours  with  a  pint 
of  raw  flaxseed  oil  and  four  drams  of  powdered  aloes.  Encour- 
age the  animal  to  drink  large  quantities  of  water.  An  ounce  or 
two  of  common  salt  given  in  two  quarts  of  water  is  also  excellent 
as  it  will  induce  thirst.  Large  doses  of  powerful  purgatives 
should  be  avoided,  as  there  is  danger  of  rupture  of  the  bowel 
before  the  mass  of  dry  material  can  be  removed.  Give  frequent 
injections  of  warm  water  and  glycerine,  two  ounces  of  each. 
Eserine  given  hypodermically  often  does  well  when  other  reme- 
dies fail.     It  should  be  used  only  by  a  veterinarian. 

Catarrh  of  the  Bowels. 

This  is  an  irritation  or  inflammation  of  the  mucous  mem- 
branes and  bowels.  It  is  caused  by  irregularity  in  feeding, 
either  in  time  or  quantity,  from  bulky  food,  from  constipation 
or  hard  work,  from  feeding  only  a  single  article  of  food,  from 
giving  undue  quantities  of  indigestible,  innutritious  or  mouldy 
'food,  from  irritation  of  intestinal  worms,  or  from  undue  quan- 
tities of  cold  water  while  animal  is  heated. 

Symptoms:  The  animal  will  have  a  rough  coat,  unthrifty 
appearance,  hide  bound,  irregular  appetite,  dullness,  tucked 
up  in  the  flanks,  irregularities  of  the  bowels,  and  the  passages 
are  frequently  hard  and  contain  undigested  grain  and  are  cov- 
ered with  a  film  of  mucus  which  is  fetid  and  sour.  The  animal 
shows  an  inclination  to  eat  unnatural  foods  or  lick  the  walls. 

Treatment:  Give  a  small  quantity  only  of  green  food, 
sound  hay  and  ground  oats  or  roots,  moderate  exercise  in  a 
clean,  warm,  comfortable  stable,  rock  salt  to  lick  at  will,  and 
a  course  of  tonics.    As  the  animal  begins  to  improve,  care  should 


16  DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE. 

be  taken  that  it  be  not  overfed.  An  ounce  of  sulphate  of  soda 
in  the  drinking  water  once  a  day  is  soothing  and  laxative. 
Tonics  should  also  be  given,  such  as  gentian,  nux  vomica  and 
salts  of  iron.  Dr.  Hess  Stock  Food  has  an  excellent  effect  in 
these  cases,  as  it  contains  the  tonics  necessary  to  tone  up  the 
debilitated  organs,  improves  the  action  of  the  bowels  and 
quality  of  the  blood  and  instills  life  and  vigor  into  the  animal. 

Diarrhoea. 

This  is  the  free  passage  of  soft  or  liquid  material  from  the 
bowels.  The  common  causes  are  a  full  drink  of  water  followed 
by  active  exercise,  feeding  soft,  watery  food  or  rapidly  grown 
green  foods,  stagnant  or  foul  -water,  musty  or  mouldy  grain, 
irritating  materials,  improper  mastication,  intestinal  worms, 
taking  undue  amount  of  food  at  long  intervals,  sudden  exposure 
to  cold,  foods  that  are  extremely  acid  or  sour,  or  fermenting 
materials  of  any  kind. 

Treatment  :  Carefully  regulate  the  diet  and  remove  the 
cause.  If  due  to  irritating  substances  in  the  bowels,  give  a 
pint  of  olive,  flaxseed  or  castor  oil.  Follow  with  good,  clean 
food  in  moderate  quantities  only.  Give  gruel  made  from  flour 
and  add  an  ounce  of  laudanum  if  severe  and  persistent,  or  give 
a  dram  of  powdered  catechu  with  a  dram  of  powdered  opium, 
and  repeat  in  four  or  five  hours.  If  due  to  improper  mastica- 
tion or  irregularities  of  the  teeth,  have  the  teeth  dressed  by  a 
competent  veterinarian.  If  due  to  excessive  acid  condition  of 
the  food,  give  one-half  ounce  doses  of  bicarbonate  of  soda  twice 
a  day.  If  accompanied  by  flatulence,  charcoal  in  ounce  doses 
should  be  given.  Ginger,  gentian  and  nux  vomica  are  also 
excellent,  if  due  to  flabby,  dilated  condition  of  the  walls  of  the 
intestines.  Keep  the  animal  quiet,  and  give  only  small  quanti- 
ties of  water  frequently.  Colts  suffering  from  diarrhoea  should 
be  given  from  2  to  4  ounces  of  castor  oil  to  remove  any  irritat- 
ing substance,  followed  with  dram  doses  of  prepared  chalk  and 
30  grains  of  subnitrite  of  bismuth  every  four  to  six  hours. 
Tablespoonful  doses  of  paregoric  with  an  equal  amount  of 
tincture  ginger  is  also  excellent.  The  dam  should  be  fed  care- 
fully, avoiding  undue  amounts  of  green  food. 

Intestinal  Worms. 

A  number  of  intestinal  parasites  are  found  in  the  horse. 
They  are  usually  harmless  unless  present  in  great  numbers, 
when  they  may  cause  loss  of  condition,  irregularities  of  the 
bowels,  spasmodic  colic,  or  even  fatal  inflammation. 

Bot — This  is  the  larva  of  the  nit  fly  (Oestrus  equi),  and  its 
natural  abode  is  in  the  stomach  of  the  horse.      The  mature 


DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE.  17 

insect  of  this  parasite  deposits  the  eggs  on  the  legs,  breast  and 
under  the  jaws  of  the  horse.  From  the  former  the  eggs  are 
licked  by  the  animal  and  gain  access  to  the  stomach.  Those 
tinder  the  jaw  probably  drop  into  the  feeding  troughs  and  are 
also  consumed.  The  larvae  are  found  in  the  stomach  and  are 
known  as  bots.  They  adhere  to  the  walls  of  the  stomach  and 
small  intestines  by  hooklets  and  remain  from  fall  to  early  spring, 
when  they  pass  off  and  burrow  into  the  earth,  from  whence 
they  appear  as  the  nit  fly.  They  deposit  their  eggs  and  die. 
They  are  not  known  to  take  any  nutriment.  They  seldom 
cause  any  disturbance. 

Treatment:  There  is  no  medicine  sufficiently  strong  to 
destroy  them  that  can  be  safely  given  to  the  horse;  however, 
gruels  are  advocated  by  some  practitioners,  to  afford  them 
nutriment  and  thereby  prevent  their  irritating  the  animal. 
Better  prevent  their  gaining  access  to  the  stomach  of  the  animal 
by  scraping  the  eggs  off  the  legs  and  remove  them  from  the 
breast  and  under  the  jaws  as  soon  as  deposited. 

Ascaris  Megalocephala.  The  Ascaris  found  in  the  horse  are 
long,  round,  white  worms,  which  infest  the  stomach  and  small 
intestines.  They  may  no  cause  any  disturbance  if  only  a  few 
are  present,  but  frequently  they  are  found  in  great  numbers 
and  cause  diarrhoea  and  general  ill  condition,  with  occasionally 
spasmodic  colic  or  fatal  inflammation.  They  very  probably 
gain  access  to  the  animal  through  the  feed  and  drinking  water. 
Water  from  pools  or  shallow  wells  situated  close  to  the  barn- 
yard should  not  be  given  to  animals  to  drink,  as  it  frequently 
contains  myriads  of  the  eggs  of  these  parasites. 

The  ascaris,  or  long,  round  worms,  are  best  treated  by  giv- 
ing 10  to  15  grain  doses  of  santonine  every  six  hours  until 
four  or  five  doses  are  given.  It  should  be  given  an  hour  be- 
fore feeding  time.  Six  hours  after  the  last  dose  has  been  given, 
an  active  purge  should  be  administered,  6  to  8  drams  of  aloes 
suspended  in  a  pint  of  water  or  given  in  a  pill,  or  a  pint  of  raw 
flaxseed  oil  with  4  to  6  drams  of  aloes,  or  better,  still,  use  Dr. 
Hess  Worm  Powder,  which  is  prepared  especially  to  expel  and 
prevent  the  development  of  these  parasites.  It  prevents  the 
formation  of  unhealthy  mucous  so  favorable  to  the  development 
of  intestinal  worms. 

The  Oxyuris  is  a  small,  round,  white  worm,  tapering  at 
either  end.  It  infests  the  large  intestine,  the  floating  colon  and 
rectum.  It  is  most  frequently  found  in  horses  that  are  poorly 
nourished  and  are  given  a  great  amount  of  bulky,  innutritious 
food.  Horses  fed  on  corn  and  timothy  hay  or  corn  fodder  are 
almost  sure  to  be  infested  with  these  parasites.  Horses  which 
have  an  occasional  run  at  grass  are  comparatively  free  from 
them.     They  can  be  prevented  or  removed  by  properly  regu- 


18  DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE. 

lated  diet  with  tonics,  especially  the  salts  of  iron  and  nux  vomica. 
We  can  especially  recommend  Dr.  Hess  Worm  Powder  as  being 
effectual  in  removing  these  parasites  when  given  as  directed.  It 
should  be  given  in  soft,  laxative  food,  such  as  bran  and  oats. 
If  the  bowels  are  constipated  give  an  ounce  or  two  of  Glauber's 
salts  in  the  drinking  water  once  or  twice  a  day  as  the  case 
requires.  This  line  of  treatment  is  quite  effective,  and  is  all 
that  is  required  in  ordinary  cases. 

.Nasal  Catarrh. 

Nasal  Catarrh  is  an  inflammation  of  the  mucous  membrane 
lining  the  nose.  It  may  even  extend  into  the  superior  max- 
illary sinuses,  which  communicate  with  the  nasal  cavity. 

Symptoms  are,  the  escape  of  a  white  mucus  from  the 
nostrils  which  later  on  becomes  thick  and  purulent  and  may 
emit  a  very  offensive  odor,  the  j^?^~" ^^Sfiijv 

animal  becomes  thin ,  with  star-  ^^^  ^^S8rk 

ing  coat  aud  irregular  appetite.  ^==S^^L~-  ^ffl|lWfc'''^ 

Treatment:    The  animal      y^^^^^^^^^S 
should  be  given  good  surround-  ^^^gi^ 
ings,  should  have  a  dry,  light  ^UXf^^  =*^ozc£7 

box  Stall,  and  Should  also  be  White  Star  Shows  Where  to  Trepan. 

given  nutritious  food  with  tonics.  Dr.  Hess  Stock  Food  is 
one  of  the  best  tonics  that  can  be  employed  in  this  condition. 
Counter-irritants  can  also  be  used  to  advantage  in  some  cases. 
A  blister  composed  of  equal  parts  of  cerate  of  cantharides  and 
vaseline  should  be  applied  over  the  course  of  the  nostrils,  ex- 
tending over  a  distance  of  4  or  5  inches.  The  blister  may  be 
repeated  in  a  week  or  ten  days.  If  this  line  of  treatment  does 
not  effect  a  cure,  it  is  best  to  trepan,  cutting  into  the  superior 
maxillary  sinuses ,  and  in  j  ecting  medicines  direct  to  diseased  parts. 
This  operation  is  quite  simple  in  the  hands  of  a  qualified  veter- 
inarian, and  is  almost  sure  to  effect  a  complete  cure. 

Laryngitis, 

or  Inflammation  of  the  Larynx  commonly  called  Sore  Throat. 

This  is  a  disease  characterized  by  rise  of  temperature,  loss 
of  appetite,  and  especially  difficult  breathing.  The  animal 
will  frequently  emit  a  coarse,  grating  noise  during  inspiration 
and  if  the  disease  becomes  much  aggravated  the  chink  of  the 
glottis  may  become  entirely  closed  and  the  animal  die  from 
suffocation.  The  pulse  ranges  from  60  to  80  beats  per  minute, 
and  the  temperature  frequently  rises  to  1040  F. 

Treatment:  Give  the  animal  a  good,  warm  stall,  and 
protect  with  a  light  wool  blanket.  Apply  around  the  throat  a 
liniment  made  from  equal  parts  of  linseed  oil,  turpentine  and 


DR.  HESS  SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE.  19 

aqua  ammonia.  Give  Dr.  Hess  Distemper,  Fever  and  Cough 
Remedy  or  a  powder  composed  of  a  dram  of  powdered  golden  seal 
with  a  dram  of  chlorate  of  potash  placed  on  the  tongue  every  four 
hours.  Steam  from  scalded  oats  to  which  has  been  added  a  tea- 
spoonful  of  carbolic  acid  is  good.  This  can  be  done  by  placing 
oats  in  a  sack  and  inserting  the  nose  into  the  sack  so  that  the 
steam  will  be  inhared.  Air,  however,  must  be  admitted  to  pre- 
vent suffocation.  If  the  breathing  is  very  difficult  and  there 
is  danger  from  suffocation,  a  tube  should  be  inserted  into  the 
windpipe.   This,  of  course,  should  be  done  by  a  veterinarian. 

Bronchitis, 

or  Inflammation  of  the  Bronchial  Tufres. 

Symptoms:  Bronchitis  is  characterized  by  difficult  or  rapid 
breathing.  The  number  of  respirations  is  out  of  proportion  to 
the  pulse  or  even  to  the  temperature.  In  severe  cases  of  bron- 
chitis the  respirations  will  frequently  reach  50  or  60  per  minute, 
and  the  temperature  ranges  from  1030  to  1050  Fahrenheit, 
pulse  from  60  to  80.  Churning  of  the  mucous  within  the  tubes 
can  be  detected  by  placing  the  ear  near  the  windpipe.  The 
animal  refuses  food  and  suffers  from  severe  cough. 

Treatment:  Give  the  patient  good  surroundings,  place  in 
a  well  lighted,  well  ventilated,  dry  box  stall,  clothe  the  body 
with  light  woolen  blankets  to  make  the  animal  comfortable, 
and  place  a  bucket  of  cold  water,  in  which  has  been  dissolved 
one-half  ounce  nitrate  of  potash,  within  easy  reach.  Give 
Dr.  Hess  Distemper,  Fever  and  Cough  Remedy,  and  cause 
the  animal  to  inhale  steam  by  scalding  oats  or  bran,  placing  it 
in  a  sack,  add  a  teaspoonful  of  carbolic  acid  and  two  teaspoon- 
fuls  of  tincture  of  iodine.  Repeat  frequently.  Give  dram 
doses  of  muriate  of  ammonia  with  two  drams  of  extract  of  licor- 
ice every  four  hours;  or  ounce  doses  of  spirits  of  mindererus 
with  two  ounces  of  fluid  extract  of  licorice,  is  excellent  if 
animal  is  much  exhausted.  In  the  earlier  stages,  15  drop  doses 
of  tincture  of  aconite  with  half  dram  of  fl.  extract  of  bel- 
ladonna is  excellent  if  the  pulse  and  temperature  are  high. 
Nutritious  food  should  be  given  and  the  animal  encouraged  to 
eat,  to  prevent  the  powers  from  flagging.  Hay  tea  with  eggs 
and  milk  may  be  given  if  the  animal  becomes  much  exhausted. 
When  the  fever  subsides,  the  animal  should  be  supported  with 
tonics,  and  for  this  purpose  there  is  no  better  preparation  than 
Dr.  Hess  Stock  Food,  with  a  small  amount  of  good,  clean  grain. 

Acute  Congestion  of  the  Lungs. 

This  condition  is  characterized  by  a  sudden  flow  of  blood  to 
the  lungs.     It  very  frequently  results  from  allowing  the  horse 


20  DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC   TREATISE. 

to  stand  in  a  cold  draught,  or  from  exposure  to  cold  in  any 
way  when  heated. 

Symptoms  are  staring  coat,  or  there  may  be  actual  shiver- 
ing, cold  ears  and  cold  legs,  dilated  nostrils  and  rapid  breath- 
ing. The  animal  will  seen  in  great  distress,  and  the  temper- 
ature will  rise  to  105 °  or  1060  F.  The  pulse  is  full  and  rapid 
at  first,  later  on  it  becomes  weak  and  irregular.  In  very  severe 
cases,  the  animal  will  lie  down,  get  up,  and  seek  an  open 
window  or  door  or  show  other  signs  of  distress.  As  the  disease 
progresses  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  mouth  becomes  blue 
or  purple.  A  frothy  mucus  may  be  emitted  from  the  nose 
tinted  with  blood.     Cold  sweats  frequently  bedew  the  body. 

Treatment:  Place  him  in  a  good,  warm  box  stall,  cover 
with  a  warm  blanket,  give  friction  to  the  legs  and  body  to 
encourage  the  circulation  in  the  skin.  Rub  briskly,  and  band- 
age the  legs  with  hot  rugs.  If  the  animal  is  very  fat  and  full 
blooded,  good  results  are  obtained  from  drawing  off  four  to  six 
quarts  of  blood  from  the  jugular  vein,  if :  done  early.  Give 
Dr.  Hess  Distemper,  Fever  and  Cough  Remedy,  or  15  drop 
doses  of  fluid  extract  of  belladona  with  ten  drops  tinc- 
ture of  aconite  and  an  ounce  of  sweet  spirits  of  nitre  every  two 
hours  until  three  or  four  doses  are  given.  Make  an  effort  to  get 
up  the  circulation  of  the  skin  by  frequent  rubbing.  Later  on  two 
ounce  doses  of  spirits  of  mindererus  should  be  given  every  two 
or  three  hours.  Keep  the  animal  quiet.  An  attack  usually  lasts 
from  six  to  ten  hours,  and  recovery  is  as  rapid  as  the  onset. 

Lung  Fever  or  Pneumonia, 

This  disease  sometimes  follows  acute  congestion  of  the 
lungs,  although  the  congestion  in  lung  fever  is  not  usually  so 
marked,  nor  does  it  assume  such 
alarming  symptoms  as  does  acute 
congestion,  or  pulmonary  apo- 
plexy. 

The  cause  of  inflammation  of 
the  lungs  can  usually  be  traced  to 
exposure  to  cold  or  standing  the 
horse  in  a  very  cold,  draughty 
barn.  Illy  ventilated  stables  or 
irritating  gases  also   frequently 

set   up   the  disease,    or   it   may       Position  Assumed  ,^he  Last  stage  of 
result   irom  severe  exertion   or  Pneumonia, 

direct  injury  to  the  lungs,  or  as  a  complication  in  strangles, 
catarrhal  fever  or  purpura.  In  cattle  it  may  be  the  localization 
of  a  specific  disease,  as  in  contagious  pleuro  pneumonia.  In- 
flammation of  the  lungs  is  almost  always  associated  with 
inflammation  of  the  covering  or  pleura. 


DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE.  21 

Symptoms:  In  many  cases  the  breathing  in  the  earlier 
stages  is  not  difficult.  The  symptoms  are  not  well  marked. 
The  temperature  will  show  an  elevation  of  two  or  three  degrees, 
and  the  pulse  will  reach  60  or  80.  There  is  some  lassitude 
with  loss  of  appetite,  the  coat  is  staring  and  the  extremities  and 
ears  cold,  or  there  may  be  actual  rigors,  although  the  symptoms 
do  not  assume  an  alarming  nature.  These  symptoms  will  last 
for  three  or  four  days,  when  more  grave  symptoms  supervene, 
the  temperature  becomes  higher,  the  pulse  more  frequent  and 
weak,  and  the  breathing  accelerated.  The  strength  of  the 
animal  is  much  reduced  and  he  will  frequently  change  from 
one  foot  to  another,  the  head  droops  and  the  ears  lop,  swellings 
frequently  appear  between  the  front  legs  or  along  the  belly, 
tapping  upon  the  sides  shows  dullness,  and  the  absence  of  res- 
piratory sounds  within  the  chest  indicates  that  the  lung  has 
become  solid,  and  the  air  no  longer  permeates  its  tissues.  All 
food  is  rejected,  although  water  is  sometimes  sought  with 
evident  relish.  The  horse  frequently  retains  a  standing  posi- 
tion throughout  the  course  of  the  disease,  although  this  is  not 
without  exception. 

Treatment:  Early  in  the  disease  provide  the  animal  with 
a  well  ventilated,  warm,  light  box  stall,  provide  with  sufficient 
light  wool  blankets  to  make  him  comfortable  but  do  not  weight 
him  down  with  heavy,  coarse  clothing.  If  the  pulse  is  rapid 
and  full  with  a  temperature  of  1040  F.,  give  Dr.  Hess  Distem- 
per, Fever  and  Cough  Remedy,  or  the  following  prescription : 
Tincture  of  aconite  root,  a  dram  and  a  half;  fluid  extract  of 
belladonna,  four  drams;  add  enough  sweet  spirits  of  nitre  to  make 
four  ounces;  mix  and  give  a  tablespoonful  in  one-half  pint  of 
water  every  four  hours.  When  the  pulse  becomes  somewhat 
modified,  discontinue  the  use  of  the  aconite.  A  bucket  of 
clean,  fresh  water  should  be  kept  before  him  at  all  times.  Add 
a  teaspoonful  of  saltpetre  to  the  water  twice  a  day 

If  the  temperature  rises  very  high,  1050  or  1060  F.,  large 
doses  of  quinine  sometimes  have  a  very  marked  effect  in  reduc- 
ing the  temperature;  one-half  ounce  given  in  the  evening  will 
frequently  bring  the  temperature  down  two  or  three  or  even 
four  degrees  in  the  courses  of  ten  hours.  The  quinine  may 
be  repeated  in  twenty- four  hours  if  the  temperature  does  not 
subside  with  the  first  ot  second  dose.  From  two  to  three  ounce 
doses  of  spirits  of  mindererus  with  one  to  two  dram  doses  of 
tincture  of  mix  vomica  acts  very  well,  in  the  later  stages,  as  a 
stimulant  and  tonic.  It  also  aids  much  in  sustaining  the  action 
of  the  heart,  which  frequently  becomes  very  weak. 

Or  the  following  prescription  may  be  given  as  a  stimulant 
to  aid  in  throwing  off  the  deposit  within  the  lungs:  Ammonia 
carb.,  one  ounce;  extract  of    licorice   fluid,   one   and   a   half 


22  DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE. 

ounces;  tincture  of  nux  vomica,  four  drams;  add  water  to  make 
sixteen  ounces,  and  give  two  ounces  every  six  hours. 

As  the  temperature  declines  the  powers  of  the  animal  must 
be  sustained  with  a  fair  amount  of  good,  nutritious  food,  such 
as  bran  and  oats  or  corn,  if  other  foods  are  refused.  Hay  tea 
is  also  excellent.  Eggs  and  milk  can  be  given  to  advantage. 
Good  tonics  should  be  given  at  this  stage,  and  for  this  purpose 
no  preparation  will  give  better  results  than  Dr.  Hess  Stock  Food. 

Pleurisy. 

Pleurisy  is  the  acute  inflammation  of  the  pleura  or  covering 
of  the  lungs.  It  is  almost  always  associated  with  pneumonia 
or  lung  fever,  but  occasionally  occurs  independent  of  other  dis- 
eases. The  causes  are  usually  the  same  as  those  which  produce 
lung  fever  or  congestion  of  the  lungs. 

Symptoms:  The  animal  shows  pain  and  soreness  when 
made  to  turn,  the  temperature  is  elevated,  the  respirations  are 
increased,  and  the  animal  looks  anxious.  The  walls  of  the 
chest  are  fixed,  and  the  breathing  is  performed  by  the  abdom- 
inal muscles,  and  frequently  a  line  can  be  seen  extending  from 
the  flanks  to  the  under  surface  of  the  ribs.  There  is  a  painful, 
suppressed  cough,  and  occasionally  tremor  of  the  muscles  of 
the  sides  and  shoulders.  The  disease  is  frequently  ushered  in 
with  a  rigor  or  chill,  with  coldness  of  the  body  and  extremi- 
ties. The  back  is  arched  and  there  is  great  tenderness  upon 
pressure  on  the  walls  of  the  chest. 

Treatment:  Give  good,  cheerful  surroundings,  clothe 
comfortably.  If  the  pulse  is  frequent  and  full,  give  ten  to  fif- 
teen drops  tincture  of  aconite  with  twenty  drops  fluid  extract 
of  belladonna.  If  the  animal  shows  great  pain,  three  to  five 
grains  of  morphine  should  be  injected  hypodermically.  Hot 
rugs  should  be  applied  to  the  sides,  and  great  care  taken  in  re- 
placing them  that  no  cold  air  strikes  the  animal.  Give  Dr.  Hess 
Distemper,  Fever  and  Cough  remedy  or  six  drams  of  extract  of 
Cannabis  Indica  should  be  placed  well  back  on  the  tongue,  or 
three  to  four  drams  of  chloral  hydrate  should  be  given  in  solution. 
Supply  the  animal  with  plenty  of  cold  water,  in  which  an  ounce  of 
nitrate  of  potash  has  been  dissolved.  Blisters  in  pleurisy  and 
pneumonia  are  of  doubtful  utility,  and  they,  no  doubt,  fre- 
quently do  more  harm  than  good,  as  they  cause  the  animal 
great  uneasiness;  he  will  paw  and  show  signs  of  pain,  which  will 
be  attended  with  a  rise  of  temperature,  more  frequent  breathing, 
and  an  aggravation  of  the  disease.  Hot  rugs  or  hot  fomenta- 
tions, however,  should  be  employed,  as  they  bring  relief  and  aid 
in  recovery.  During  recovery  in  pleurisy  tonics  should  be  ad- 
ministered, especially  is  Dr.  Hess  Stock  Food  valuable  in  these 
cases. 


DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE.  SB 

Pink  Eye. 

This  disease  is  produced  by  some  specific  poison,  especially 
when  the  constitution  is  debilitated  by  damp,  filthy  stables  or 
during  periods  of  cold,  wet  weather,  or  from  reducing  influences. 

The  first  symptoms  are  those  of  fever  with  chills  and  dull- 
ness, succeeded  by  swelling  of  the  joints  and  pain  in  the  limbs. 
The  pain  in  the  limbs  is  shown  by  restlessness,  shifting  of  the 
feet,  and  tenderness.  At  first  the  swelling  may  be  limited,  but 
soon  will  appear  over  a  considerable  surface  of  the  legs.  The 
temperature  rises  to  103  or  1040  F.  The  bowels  are  irregular, 
usually  constipated,  and  the  dung  is  often  covered  with  mucus. 
The  eyes  appear  red  and  congested,  from  whence  it  gets  the 
name  of  Pink  Bye.  There  is  frequently  cough.  The  disease 
usually  runs  its  course  in  from  six  to  ten  days.  A  very  frequent 
sequel  to  this  disease  is  partial  paralysis  of  the  posterior  extrem- 
ities. The  motion  becomes  irregular  and  unsteady,  the  animal 
walks  with  difficulty,  and  the  motions  of  the  hind  parts  are 
irregular  and  retarded. 

Treatment:  If  the  bowels  are  constipated,  give  a  pint  of 
raw  linseed  c;  o*  dissolve  four  ounces  of  Glauber's  salts  in  a 
gallon  of  drii;  dng  water  and  give  this  twice  a  day  until  the 
bowels  respond.  Active  physics,  however,  should  be  avoided. 
One  half  ounce  nitrate  of  potash  should  be  given  twice  a  day 
in  the  drinking  water,  the  food  should  be  limited  and  easily 
digested,  such  as  bran  and  oats.  The  eyes  should  be  bathed 
with  warm  water  two  or  three  times  a  day.  The  stall  in 
which  the  animal  is  kept  should  be  slightly  darkened.  Dram 
doses  of  tincture  of  nux  vomica  are  especially  valuable  in  keep- 
ing up  the  appetite,  and  also  in  sustaining  and  improving  the 
tone  of  the  nerves  of  the  extremities.  Daily  exercise  in  a  large 
box  stall  or  shed  should  also  be  given.  If  the  paresis  or  partial 
paralysis  is  quite  marked,  the  muscles  of  the  hips  and  back 
should  be  briskly  rubbed  and  a  stimulating  liniment  applied, 
such  as  compound  soap  liniment. 

Influenza, 

Distemper  or  Catarrhal  Fever 

are  different  names  applied  to  a  chain  of  symptoms  whidj 
have  many  conditions  in  common,  and  are  attended  in  a  greater 
or  less  degree  by  fever,  dullness,  loss  of  appetite,  sore  throat, 
discharge  from  the  nostrils,  quickened  pulse  and  depression  of 
strength.  These  diseases  are  most  common  in  the  spring  and 
fall  when  the  patient  is  shedding  the  coat,  although  it  may 
occur  at  any  season  of  the  year.  The  conditions  or  influences 
which  cause  the  outbreak  have  never  been  fully  determined; 


24  DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE. 

however,  it  seems  very  probable  that  the  disease  can  be  com- 
municated from  one  to  another  under  favorable  circumstances. 
Treatment:  If  no  complications  supervene  in  simple  cases 
of  catarrhal  fever,  influenza  or  distemper,  little  treatment  is 
required  except  good  surroundings,  care  and  proper  clothing 
and  a  cool,  laxative  diet.  Regulate  the  bowels  by  feeding  clean, 
easily  digested  food  with  laxatives,  such  as  bran  and  oats,  and 
if  necessary  add  to  this  an  ounce  or  two  of  Glauber's  salts  dis- 
solved in  water.  If  the  temperature  runs  high,  one-half  ounce 
of  saltpetre  dissolved  in  the  drinking  water  twice  a  day  is 
excellent.  If  the  appetite  fails,  from  one-half  to  a  dram  of 
tincture  of  nux  vomica  with  two  drams  of  tincture  of  gentian 
should  be  given  in  one-half  pint  of  water  three  times  a  day. 

Strangles 

is  a  disease  in  young  horses  usually  at- 
tended with  swellings  and  the  formation  £{ 
of  matter  between  the  bones  of  the  lower  ))i 
jaw  or  elsewhere.  l|i 

Cause:    Usually  found  in  exposure 
to   cold,  damp,  wet   stables,  improperly        Horse  with  Strangles. 
drained  pastures,  impure  air,  sudden  thaws  and  contagion  by 
associating  with  animals  suffering  from  the  same  disease. 

Symptoms:  Thirst,  staring  coat,  with  loss  of  appetite,  dull- 
ness and  languor,  cough  and  redness  of  the  mucous  membrane 
of  the  nose,  accelerated  breathing,  increased  pulse  and  great 
thirst.  Sometimes  swelling  appears  between  the  lower  jaws; 
this  is  hot  and  tender,  at  first  hard,  later  on  it  becomes  soft 
and  flabby,  which  indicates  the  formation  of  pus.  The  water 
drank  is  frequently  returned  through  the  nose,  and  the  food 
after  being  chewed  often  drops  from  the  mouth.  The  throat 
often  swells  so  that  the  breathing  is  laborious.  Occasionally 
abscesses  form  in  the  parotid  gland,  near  the  ear  or  at  the 
edge  of  the  tail  or  in  other  portions  of  the  body.  Sometimes 
abscesses  form  in  the  deeper  tissues,  such  as  the  liver,  the  pan- 
creas, or  even  in  the  intestinal  walls. 

Treatment:  Sustain  the  strength  of  the  animal  by  good, 
nutritious  food,  to  which  has  been  a'dded  Dr.  Hess  Stock  Food 
as  directed;  keep  animal  where  it  is  clean  and  dry,  be  sure  that 
he  inhales  no  irritating  gases,  such  as  ammonia  fumes.  Bathe 
the  swelling  under  the  jaw  with  warm  water,  or  apply  poul- 
tices or  liniment  composed  of  equal  parts  of  linseed  oil,  aqua 
ammonia  and  turpentine.  When  the  abscesses  point,  as  will 
be  shown  by  a  soft  place  on  the  surface,  open  freely  and  allow 
the  escape  of  pus.  If  the  breathing  is  very  difficult,  steam 
with  scalded  oats  or  bran  by  placing  it  in  a  sack  and  placing  it 


DR.  HESS  SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE.  S  25 

over  the  nose.  If  this  does  not  bring  relief  and  there  is  danger 
from  suffocation,  a  tube  should  be  placed  in  the  windpipe  to  sup- 
ply air.     Give  Dr.  Hess  Distemper,  Fever,  and  Cough  Remedy. 

Purpura. 

Purpura  is  a  disease  which  frequently  follows  distemper, 
catarrhal  fever,  strangles  and  other  debilitating  diseases  of  the 
respiratory  organs,  especially  if  horses  have  been  stabled  in  a 
poorly  ventilated,  dark,  damp  barn. 

The  disease  is  manifested  by  swellings  on  the  nose,  face, 
neck,  along  the  sides,  on  the  limbs,  belly  or  indeed  anywhere 
on  the  body.  The  swelling  of  the  legs  is  characteristic.  It 
will  expend  upward  a  certain  distance,  where  it  suddenly  comes 
to  an  end,  as  if  a  string  had  been  tied  around  it.  The  lips 
are  often  so  badly  swollen  that  they  are  almost 
immovable,  and  the  nostrils  may  be  almost 
swollen  shut,  the  mucous  membrane  of  the 
nose  presents  red  spots  showing  extravasation 
of  the  blood,  (similar  spots  may  also  be 
seen  on  the  skin  of  white  animals),  shivering 
frequently  marks  the  onset  of  the  disease,  but 
the  essential  symptom  is  trie  swellings  spoken 
of.  The  animal  moves  with  difficulty,  ap- 
pears stiff  and  the  swollen  parts  are  quite  ten- 
der to  the  touch.  When  the  swellings  occur 
on  the  body,  they  may  be  taken  for  the  stings 
of  insects.  They  frequently  change  from  one 
point  to  another.  The  disease  is  very  apt  to  EfFect  of  PurP"ra. 
recur,  and  when  the  patient  seems  to  be  on  a  fair  way  to  recov- 
ery, the  swellings  will  return  and  show  all  the  symptoms  again 
in  an  aggravated  form.  The  least  exposure  to  cold  or  even  a 
damp  stall  will  cause  a  return  of  the  symptoms.  In  severe 
cases  the  skin  may  slough  or  blood  ooze  through.  Bloody 
serum  will  issue  from  the  eyes  and  the  nostrils  will  discharge 
blood  tinted  secretions.  If  animals  suffering  from  influenza 
are  kept  in  well  ventilated,  clean,  dry  stables,  there  is  much 
less  danger  from  attacks  of  purpura.  All  writers  agree  that  the 
disease  is  frequently  due  to  the  inhalation  of  ammonia  or  from 
irritating  or  offensive  gases. 

Treatment:  Give  the  animal  a  laxative  of  linseed  oil,  one 
pint,  or  Glauber's  salts,  four  to  six  ounces,  dissolved  hi  a  quart 
of  water.  Follow  this  with  the  salts  of  iron  and  Chlorate  of 
potash.  Two  dram  doses  of  chlorate  of  potash  should  be  given 
every  four  hours  for  a  period  of  twenty-four  hours.  This  rem- 
edy seems  to  have  a  very  beneficial  effect  in  preventing  extav- 
asations  of  blood,  but  if  given  too  copiously  is  apt  to  cause 
colicy  pains. 


26  DR-  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE. 

After  twenty-four  hours,  the  following  should  be  given: 
Chlorate  of  potash,  two  ounces;  dried  sulphate  of  iron,  two 
ounces;  powdered  nux  vomica,  six  drams;  powdered  gentian, 
one  ounce;  mix  and  make  into  eight  powders,  and  give  one  pow- 
der every  six  hours.  One-half  ounce  of  nitrate  of  potash  should 
also  be  dissolved  in  the  drinking  water  twice  a  day.  The  bowels 
should  be  kept  fairly  active  with  occasional  doses  of  Glauber's 
saltsor  a  laxative  dose  of  oil.  Under  no  condition  should  the  horse 
be  allowed  to  become  cold  or  be  exposed  to  dampness.  The  fcod 
should  be  easily  digested  and  nutritious,  such  as  bran,  oats, 
carrots,  or  beets.  During  recovery,  tonics  should  be  admin- 
istered, especially  those  containing  iron,  and  for  this  purpose 
Dr.  Hess   Stock  Food  can  be  used  to  the  very  best  advantage. 

Roaring. 

Roaring  is  a  harsh,  grating  sound,  emitted  from  the  larynx  of 
a  horse  during  inspiration.  It  is  more  pronounced  if  the  animal 
is  made  to  undergo  severe  exertion,  especially  if  animal  is  held 
tightly  by  the  reins.   It  frequently  follows  distemper  or  strangles. 

Treatment:  The  treatment  for  roaring  is  not  satisfactory, 
and  but  few  cases  are  benefited.  However,  a  blister  to  the 
throat,  with  dram  doses  of  tincture  of  nux  vomica  three  times 
a  day,  gives  good  results  in  certain  cases. 

Heaves, 

This  disease  is  characterized  by  a  dry,  hacking  cough,  first 
seen  after  drinking,  more  aggravated  after  a  full  meal  or  a 
heavy  draught  of  water.  The  nostrils  dilate  with  each  inspi- 
ration and  the  flanks  rise  with  each  expiration.  Early  in  the 
disease  a  slight,  frothy,  watery  discharge  will  issue  from  the 
nose,  and  a  rattling  sound  be  heard  in  the  head. 

Treatment:  Feed  with  care,  avoid  dust  of  every  kind. 
Horses  suffering  from  this  disease  should  never  be  permitted 
to  engorge  themselves  with  food  or  drink.  Large  quantities 
of  bulky  food  should  be  avoided.  Hay  and  grain  should  be 
made  damp  an  hour  or  two  before  given.  The  following  for- 
mula gives  excellent  results:  Fluid  extract  of  stramonium, 
fluid  extract  of  lobelia,  of  each  one  ounce;  Fowler's  solution  of 
arsenic,  six  ounces;  mix  and  give  a  tablespoonful  in  half  a  pint  of 
water  on  food,  two  or  three  times  a  day.  Dr.  Hess  Heave  Powder 
contains  all  the  above  principles  with  other  valuable  agents, 
which  we  have  found  effective  in  the  treatment  of  this  disease. 

Panting. 

Panting  is  frequently  seen  in  the  horse  during  the  spring 
months  when  first  put  to  work.  It  more  often  occurs  in  horses 
having  a  heavy  coat  and  which  are  somewhat  debilitated.  Such 
animals  if  put  to  severe  exertion  during  warm  weather  suffer 
greatly  from  the  heat. 


DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE.  27 

Treatment:  Care  should  be  taken  in  the  spring  time  or 
during  very  hot  weather  that  the  animal  be  not  overheated. 
The  patient  should  also  be  encouraged  to  molt  as  early  as  pos- 
sible. If  shedding  is  delayed,  the  animal  should  be  clipped, 
which  will  very  frequently  afford  complete  relief.  Tonics  are 
also  of  very  great  advantage  in  building  Up  the  animal.  We  can 
especially  recommend  Dr.  Hess  Stock  Food  in  these  conditions. 

Coughs, 

Many  horses  are  troubled  by  an  irritation  of  the  larynx  or 
bronchi  from  cold  and  other  causes;  have  a  very  annoying  cough. 

Treatment:  The  following  will  be  found  of  the  greatest 
value:  Fluid  extract  of  belladonna,  one  ounce;  oil  of  tar,  three 
ounces;  mix,  shake  well  and  give  a  tablespoonful  on  each  feed. 
Or  the  following  powder  will  be  found  of  use:  Muriate  of 
ammonia,  two  ounces;  extract  of  licorice,  two  ounces;  Dover's 
powder,  one  ounce  and  a  half;  mix  and  make  into  twelve 
powders.     Give  four  each  day. 

Cough  in  heaves  is  usually  of  a  dry,  hacking  nature.  It  is 
aggravated  by  feeding  dusty  food  of  any  kind.  For  these  cases 
Dr.  Hess  Heave  Powder  is  particularly  adapted. 

Constitutional  Diseases. 

The  blood  is  the  circulating  fluid.  It  passes  outward  from 
the  heart  through  the  arteries  to  the  different  tissues  of  the 
body,  and  returns  through  the  veins.  It  is  composed  of  fluid, 
liquor  sanguinis,  in  which  numerous  minute,  solid  particles, 
blood  globules,  float,  of  which  the  greater  part  are  red,  the  re- 
mainder colorless  or  white.  Analysis  of  the  blood  shows  it  to 
contain  water,  red  corpuscles,  albumen,  salts,  extractive  matter 
and  fibrin.  These  materials  in  health  are  usually  in  fairly  reg- 
ular proportions,  but  in  certain  diseases  their  relative  amounts 
vary  considerably. 

Anaemia. 

This  term  is  applied  to  a  condition  of  the  system  in  which 
there  is  deficiency  or  poverty  of  the  blood,  and  which  is  fre- 
quently brought  about  by  loss  of  blood,  hemorrage,  discharge 
of  any  of  the  common  fluids,  diarrhoea  or  diabetes,  insufficient 
food  or  deprivation  of  fresh  air,  exhausting  diseases  and  the 
action  of  certain  poisonous  agents,  illy  ventilated  stables  or 
other  debilitating  influences. 

The  symptoms  of  anaemia  are  paleness  of  the  mucous  mem- 
branes, with  occasionally  dark  colored  appearance  of  the  mem- 
brane of  the  nose.  The  mucous  membrane  of  the  eye  is  also 
pale,  the  mouth  cool,  and  the  tongue  generally  unnaturally 
soft.     It  is  frequently  found  in  young,  growing  animals  in- 


28  DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE. 

sufficiently  fed,  that  are  exposed  to  the  vicissitudes  of  weather 
during  the  winter  months.  In  horses  anaemia  is  shown  by 
extreme  debility  of  the  muscular  system,  even  showing  partial 
paralysis,  the  animal  is  easily  exhausted,  with  small,  feeble 
pulse  which  becomes  irregular  and  frequent  upon  slight  exer- 
tion. The  contractive  power  of  the  muscles  is  reduced  and 
fatigue  is  shown  on  the  slightest  exertion.  The  bowels  are 
often  constipated  from  want  of  tone  of  the  muscular  coat,  the 
digestive  powers  are  feeble  and  impaired,  and  the  animal  fre- 
quently suffers  from  colicky  pains;  the  secretion  of  gastric 
juice  is  usually  impaired  as  the  result  of  ill  nutrition,  which 
constitutes  further  cause  for  the  very  marked  anaemic  condi- 
tion. Swelling  of  the  limbs  or  dropsy  of  the  abdomen  is  not  at 
all  infrequent.  The  appetite  is  sometimes  ravenous  and  ab- 
normal and  the  animal  may  seek  unnatural  foods ;  the  quality 
of  the  blood  may  be  so  impaired  that  its  watery  constituents 
exude  from  the  vessels  and  settle  in  the  tissues,  causing  drop- 
sical swellings  or  stocking  of  the  legs,  or  even  ascites  or  abdom- 
inal dropsy.  The  hair  stands  on  ends  and  is  dry  and  harsh,  the 
eyes  are  sunken  and  in  extreme  cases  a  puffy  appearance  of 
the  eyelids  may  be  noticed.  The  disease  may  assume  such 
grave  proportions  as  to  cause  a  staggering  gait  with  even  ina- 
bility to  rise,  hurried  breathing,  becoming  quick  and  wheezy 
upon  the  least  exertion,  with  palpitation  of  the  heart. 

Prevention:  Avoid  anything  which  will  reduce  the  sys- 
tem, such  as  excessive  bleeding,  long  continued  use  of  powerful 
diuretics  or  purgatives,  long  continued  yield  of  milk  without 
proper  nourishment,  irregularity  in  feeding  or  continuing  a 
single  article  of  diet  too  long,  or  giving  large  quantities  of 
woody,  innutritious  food. 

Treatment:  Remove  all  the  causes  of  the  disease  possible, 
and  support  the  animal  by  easily  digested,  nutritious  food,  in 
small  quantities  at  first.  Corn,  oats  and  barley  ground,  and 
meal  cake,  with  a  small  amount  of  mixed  hay  is  excellent  food, 
or  in  extreme  cases  hay  tea  gruel  should  be  given.  Tonics 
are  also  of  great  importance,  especially  those  containing  salts 
of  iron  with  bitters.  A  daily  amount  of  common  salt  should 
also  be  supplied  in  small  quantity.  Provide  the  animal  with  a 
dry  place,  with  plenty  of  sunshine  and  good  cheerful  quarters. 
Anaemia  is  one  of  the  most  common  ailments  of  domestic 
animals,  and  for  its  treatment  we  can  speak  with  great  confi- 
dence of  the  advantages  of  feeding  Dr.  Hess  Stock  Food.  It 
;ontains  the  bitter  tonics  and  salts  of  iron  so  necessary  to  proper 
digestion,  which  is  the  first  essential  to  improve  the  impover- 
ished blood.  The  numerous  salts  which  are  absolutely  neces- 
sary for  the  health  of  the  animal  are  supplied  in  this  Food. 


DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE.  29 

Its  employment  in  the  different  forms  of  anaemia,  when  aided 
by  proper  hygienic  surroundings  and  good,  clean,  nutritious 
food,  is  almost  sure  to  effect  a  complete  cure. 

Ascites,  or  Abdominal  Dropsy. 

This  consists  of  a  dropsical  infusion  in  the  abdominal  cavity. 
The  causes  are  chronic  peritonitis,  inflammation  of  the  liver, 
diseases  of  the  heart,  and  from  eating  large  quantities  of  suc- 
culent yet  innutritious  material.  It  also  results  from  anaemia, 
as  the  result  of  improper  nutrition. 

The  symptoms  are  enlargements  of  the  belly,  and  sometimes 
Stocking  of  the  legs,  the  quantity  of  water  in  the  abdominal 
cavit}'  if  quite  large,  causes  difficult  breathing.  Dropsy  of  the 
legs  and  submaxillary  space  may  also  be  noticed.  The  animal 
becomes  poor,  with  feeble  pulse,  irregularities  of  the  bowels, 
and  occasionally  loss  of  hair. 

Treatment:  Provide  the  animal  with  good  surroundings, 
and  give  a  laxative,  such  as  bran  and  oats  with  a  daily"  dose  of 
two  or  three  ounces  of  Glauber's  salts.  Good,  nutritious  food 
should  also  be  provided.  The  action  of  the  kidneys  should  be 
stimulated  by  one-half  ounce  doses  of  nitrate  of  potash  twice  a 
day.  Bitter  tonics  with  salts  of  iron  should  also  be  adminis- 
tered. The  general  stimulating  effects  to  the  kidneys  and  the 
bitter  tonics,  with  the  laxatives  and  salts  of  iron,  which  enter 
into  the  composition  of  Dr.  Hess  Stock  Food,  make  it  one  of 
the  best  preparations  that  can  be  given  in  this  disease;  espe- 
cially is  it  valuable  if  the  difficulty  is  due  to  anaemia. 

Rheumatism. 

Rheumatism  is  a  form  of  inflammation  which  usually  attacks 
the  fibrous  structures  of  the  body,  such  as  the  muscles,  tendons, 
joints  and  their  coverings.  Acute,  articular  rheumatism  or 
rheumatism  of  the  joints  is  characterized  by  frequent  shifting 
from  one  point  to  another.  The  corresponding  joints  are  fre- 
quently Fiiected  at  the  same  time,  that  is,  both  knees  or  both 
hock  joints  may  be  the  seat  of  the  disease  one  day,  the  follow- 
ing day  it  may  have  shifted  to  the  shoulder  or  pastern  joints. 
This  disease  is  said  to  be  due  to  certain  acids  in  the  blood, 
although  sudden  exposure  to  cold  or  wet  frequently  acts  as 
the  exciting  cause. 

Symptoms:  In  acute  rheumatism  there  is  dullness,  languor, 
stiffness  of  the  joints,  with  indisposition  to  move.  There  may 
be  lameness  and  heat  in  one  limb,  with  swelling  of  the  joints 
or  tendons.  The  swelling  is  often  soft,  but  may  become  hard 
and  resisting.  The  swelling  m  rheumatism  very  seldom  sup- 
purates or  forms  pus.  The  joints  are  extremely  tender  to  the 
touch,  swollen  and  hot.     The  urine  which  is  alkali  in  herbiv- 


30  DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE. 

orous  animals,  sometimes  becomes  neutral  or  even  acid.  The 
animal  remains  down  a  great  deal,  and  will  only  rise  when 
urged  to  do  so. 

In  sub-acute  or  chronic  rheumatism  the  swelling  on  the 
legs  may  be  absent,  but  there  will  be  some  stiffness.  Lameness 
may  appear  in  one  leg  for  a  time,  then  will  change  to  another. 
The  animal  moves  with  some  difficulty.  The  bowels  are 
usually  constipated.  There  is  little  alteration  of  the  pulse  and 
the  temperature  may  not  be  higher  than  normal.  Chronic 
rheumatism  is  apt  to  improve  in  warm  wreather,  especially  if  dry. 

Treatment:  Place  the  horse  in  a  well  ventilated,  clean, 
dry,  warm  box  stall,  protect  him  from  draughts  of  cold  air. 
Give  a  laxative,  six  to  eight  drams  of  aloes  in  a  pint  of  raw 
linseed  oil.  If  the  attack  is  very  acute,  give  bicarbonate  of 
potash  or  soda  in  from  two  to  four  dram  doses.  Where  there 
is  much  swelling  about  the  joints,  two  dram  doses  of  salycilate 
of  soda,  every  four  hours  frequently  gives  relief.  One-half 
ounce  doses  of  nitrate  of  potash  twice  a  day  are  excellent  and 
will  bring  relief  frequently.  In  sub-acute  or  chronic  rheuma- 
tism, iodide  of  potash  with  tonics  is  especially  valuable.  An 
ounce  of  iodide  of  potash  may  be  dissolved  in  twelve  ounces  of 
water,  and  a  tablespoonful  of  this  given  three  times  a  day.  In 
chronic  rheumatism  with  lameness  which  moves  from  one  leg 
to  another,  a  cure  can  often  be  effected  by  giving  one-half  ounce 
doses  of  saltpetre  twice  a  day,  dissolved  in  the  drinking  water. 

Farcy  or  Glanders. 

These  are  very  probably  different  forms  of  the  same  disease, 
due  to  the  introduction  into  the  animal  body  of  some  specific 
poison.  Some  writers  claim  that  the  disease  can  rise  sponta- 
neously, but  we  have  considerable  doubt  on  this  point,  and  are 
inclined  to  believe  that  the  disease  does  not  effect  animals 
except  by  inoculation  or  contagion.  It  is  extremely  fatal,  and 
when  communicated  to  man  always  produces  fatal  results. 
The  malignancy  of  the  disease  depends  on  the  amount  of  viru- 
lence of  the  matter  introduced,  or  it  may  depend  to  some  ex- 
tent upon  the  condition  and  ability  of  the  animal  to  resist  its 
attack.  Any  debilitating  influences  favor  the  development  of 
the  poison  and  render  the  animal  less  able  to  resist  its  effects. 
It  is  quite  safe  to  assume  that  this  disease  cannot  be  commu- 
nicated by  means  of  the  atmosphere,  and  new  cases  must  arise 
from  obtaining  some  of  the  poisonous  material,  either  from  the 
blood  or  some  of  the  discharges  from  the  nasal  cavities,  from 
the  ulcers  or  by  inoculation  from  the  enlarged  lymphatics,  or 
from  other  tissues  of  the  body. 

Symptoms:   In  chronic  glanders  or  farcy  the  disease  may 


DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE,  31 

present  so  mild  a  form  as  not  to  be  detected  by  a  casual  ob- 
server. There  may  be  a  slight  discharge  from  one  nostril,  usu- 
ally the  left,  with  some  enlargement  of  the  lymphatic  glands 
between  the  jaws,  or  a  cord-like  condition  of  the  lymphatics 
inside  of  the  thighs;  the  animal  may  have  a  rough  coat,  with 
irregular  appetite,  and  present  generally  an  unthrifty  condition. 
The  mucous  membranes  will  sometimes  be  found  to  be  blue,  or 
even  in  more  marked  cases  may  assume  a  leaden  hue  or  copper 
color.  The  discharge  from  the  nostrils  is  starchy  or  glue-iike 
and  adheres  to  the  nostrils.  When  the  enlargement  of  the 
lymphatic  glands  presents  nodules  over  a  considerable  portion 
of  the  body  the  animal  is  said  to  have  bud  or  button  farcy. 

This  is  the  latent  form  of  glanders,  and  an  acute  attack 
may  bo  excited  by  exposing  the  animal  to  some  debilitating 
influence,  such  as  sudden  exposure  to  cold  or  a  cold  rain,  or  the 
administration  of  a  lively  purgative.  In  sub-acute  cases,  there 
are  ulcers  on  the  mucous  membranes  of  the  nose,  pits  may 
form,  dropsical  swellings  may  also  appear  under  the  jaws  and 
along  the  abdomen,  with  stocking  of  the  legs.  The  hair  on 
the  mane  and  tail  may  fall  out,  the  coat  generally  will  assume 
an  unhealthy,  harsh  condition,  the  animal  is  weak,  anaemic 
and  easily  exhausted. 

In  acute  glanders  the  symptoms  are  much  more  marked. 
There  is  a  rise  of  temperature  to  1030  or  1040  F.,  or  even 
1060,  the  pulse  is  frequent,  there  is  loss  of  appetite,  with 
marked  chills  or  rigors  at  the  onset,  the  eyes  appear  swollen  or 
inflamed  and  may  discharge  a  purulent  matter,  the  mucous 
membranes  of  the  nose  assume  a  dark,  congested  appearance 
with  pits  or  ulcers  over  its  surface,  there  is  entire  loss  of  appetite, 
with  diffcult  breathing,  and  even  the  lungs  become  implicated. 

Treatment:  Treatment  is  unsuccessful  in  glanders  and 
farcy  except  at  the  very  earliest  stages  and  in  the  most  chronic 
forms,  where  there  is  only  slight  enlargement  of  the  lymphatic 
glands  with  general  ill  condition.  Such  cases  should  be  treated 
by  giving  liberal  food  and  tonics,  with  long  continued  use  of 
iodide  of  potash  in  10  to  20  grain  doses  twice  a  day.  If,  how- 
ever, there  is  discharge  from  the  nostrils  with  the  characteristic 
pits  in  the  mucous  membranes,  the  animal  had  better  be 
destroyed,  in  fact  where  a  positive  diagnosis  of  glanders  is  made 
the  safest  disposition  of  the  animal  is  to  destroy  it.  Very  great 
care  should  be  taken  at  all  times  that  none  of  the  poisonous 
discharges  from  the  animal  gain  access  to  the  attendant,  as  it 
is  sure  to  produce  fatal  results. 

Anthrax. 

This  disease  is  also  known  by  the  name  of  quarter  ill  or 
rinder  pest.     It  is  a   constitutional   disorder,  arising  in  rich, 


32  DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE. 

damp  localities,  and  it  occurs  in  swine,  herbivorous  animals, 
birds,  and  can  be  communicated  by  inoculation  to  man. 

These  bacilli  find  favorable  development  in  low,  marshy 
grounds;  lands  that  overflow  frequently  or  are  covered  with 
stagnant  water  are  most  productive  of  the  bacilli  or  poison. 
Lands  that  overflow  may  become  infected  by  the  germs  being 
washed  down  from  infected  districts  above.  The  germs  may 
also  be  carried  by  the  attendant  or  those  who  handle  the  animal, 
or  by  small  carnivorous  animals,  which  feast  upon  the  carcass 
of  an  animal  which  has  recently  died  from  anthrax  or  quarter  ill. 

Symptoms:  Horses  are  somewhat  less  apt  to  be  affected 
with  anthrax  than  cattle  and  sheep,  but  when  developed  the 
symptoms  are  as  follows:  The  animal  will  appear  dull  and 
feeble,  may  fall  prostrate,  or  if  standing  the  head  hangs  resting 
on  the  manger,  or  it  may  stand  back  in  the  stall  and  rest  first 
one  foot  and  then  the  other;  it  may  even  show  signs  of  colic. 
If  the  disease  comes  on  suddenly  while  the  animal  is  at  work, 
there  will  be  staggering  gait,  the  skin  is  hot,  and  sometimes 
crepitates,  showing  the  presence  of  gas  beneath,  the  muscles 
tremble,  and  there  is  a  flow  of  saliva  from  the  mouth.  The 
animal  sweats,  alternating  with  chills,  the  lymphatic  glands 
are  swollen,  the  animal  is  irritable  and  sometimes  becomes 
unconscious,  the  eyes  are  red  and  blood  spots  may  appear  on  the 
mucous  membranes,  the  pulse  is  elevated  and  weak,  with  irreg- 
ular respirations.  The  disease  usually  terminates  in  from  six 
to  thirty-six  hours.  Fat,  strong,  plethoric  animals  are  more  apt 
to  succumb  to  the  disease  than  those  which  are  thin  in  flesh. 

Treatment:  The  animal  should  be  given  good  surround- 
ings, and  the  cause  of  the  disease  ascertained,  if  possible, 
and  removed,  the  grain  should  be  easily  digested,  nutritious, 
and  especially  free  from  mould  or  smut  of  any  kind.  Carbolic 
acid  has  the  power  of  destroying  the  bacilli  of  anthrax  or 
quarter  ill,  and  for  this  purpose  it  should  be  administered  in 
one-half  to  dram  doses,  diluted  in  a  pint  of  water.  Sulphite  of 
soda  also  has  excellent  effects,  and  should  be  given  in  from  two 
to  four  dram  doses,  repeated  every  four  hours.  The  hypo- 
sulphite of  soda  may  als'j  be  given  in  the  same  way  with  good 
effects.  Two  dram  doses  of  chlorate  of  potash  dissolved  in 
three  or  four  ounces  of  water  and  given  every  four  hours  has 
given  excellent  results.  If  the  animal  should  succumb  to  the 
disease,  the  carcass  should  be  burned  or  deeply  buried. 

Azoturia  or  Paralysis. 

Paralysis  or  partial  or  total  loss  of  power  of  the  hind  legs 
frequently  occurs  in  the  horse.  The  disease  is  known  as  azoturia 
among  veterinarians. 


DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE.  33 

Cause:  Rich,  highly  nutritious  food,  without  exercise* 
produces  a  condition  favorable  to  the  development  of  this  dis- 
ease, and  exercise  after  a  period  of  idleness  is  the  exciting  cause. 

Symptoms:  The  animal  leaves  the  stable  feeling  fine  and  in 
excellent  spirits,  but  after  a  short  drive  is  noticed  to  hang  back, 
become  lame  in  one  and  then  in  both  hind  legs;  the  limbs  are 
moved  with  increasing  difficulty  and  profuse  sweats  break  out 
over  the  neck  and  shoulders,  then  over  the  entire  body;  the 
animal  pants  and  blows,  with  head  down  and  ears  lopped,  and 
it  is  with  greatest  difficulty  the  standing  position  is  maintained. 
Frequently  they  drop  and  are  unable  to  rise,  although  strug- 
gling violently  to  regain  their  feet.  The  muscles  of  the  hips 
become  hard  and  swollen,  as  do  the  shoulders  in  some  cases0 
The  urine  is  dark  and  looks  as  if  mixed  with  blood. 

So  much  depends  upon  the  owner's  or  attendant's  ability  to 
recognize  this  disease  early,  that  it  is  of  the  greatest  importance 
that  a  careful  study  of  the  conditions  and  symptoms  should  be 
given.  The  disease  is  almost  without  danger  if  noticed  early 
and  the  horse  stopped  and  blanketed,  and  no  attempt  made, 
under  any  circumstances,  to  reach  the  stable.  Complete  rest 
for  an  hour  or  two  will  enable  him  to  reach  the  stable  with 
little  or  no  danger.  Do  not  forget  to  stop  when  an  attack 
comes  on,  and  the  attack  will  be  of  little  moment.  A  physic 
of  an  ounce  of  aloes  in  a  pint  of  water  should  be  given  at  once, 
a  small  quantity  of  water  allowed  often,  and  light,  easily 
digested  food  will  bring  him  out  all  right. 

Tetanus  or  Lock- Jaw. 

Lock-jaw  is  a  disease  of  the  nerves  that  follows  injuries.  It 
is  most  common  after  punctured  wounds,  but  frequently  follows 
surgical  operations. 

Symptoms  :  The  first  symptom  is  a  little  stiffness  in  mov- 
ing, and  the  eyes  upon  sudden  lifting  of  the  head  are  retracted 
and  the  washer  or  haw  is 
pushed  outward,  almost 
covering  the  eye,  and  it  is  {«$; 
not  uncommon  to  have  the 
owner  seek  treatment  for  the  eyes, 
not  suspecting  the  real  trouble.  The 
nose  extends  forward,  the  flanks  are 
tucked  up  and  the  tail  is  raised. 
The  animal  may  eat  fairly  well  for 
a  time,  but  usually  they  champ  the 
jaws  and  chew  with  some  difficulty.  "symptoms  of  Lock-Jaw. 

Treatment:  The  patient  should  be  placed  in  a  dark  stall, 
away  from  other  animals  and  free  from  excitement  or  noise  of 


34  DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE. 

any  kind.  If  the  jaws  are  not  set,  a  physic  of  8  drams  of  aloes 
with  a  dram  of  ginger  should  be  given.  For  safety,  it  is  best 
given  with  the  balling  iron.  If  the  jaws  are  set  no  attempt 
should  be  made  to  give  medicine  by  the  mouth.  Six  to  eight 
grains  of  morphine  with  a  quarter  of  a  grain  of  sulphate  of 
atropia  may  be  dissolved  in  water  and  injected  under  the  skin 
with  a  syringe  for  that  purpose.  If  the  attack  is  very  sudden 
and  severe,  treatment  of  any  kind  is  of  little  value;  however, 
if  the  onset  is  slow,  by  proper  care  many  cases  recover. 

Lymphangitis. 

This  is  a  sudden  and  severe  inflammation, 
usually  of  the  hind  legs.  It  comes  on  in  well 
fed  horses  after  a  few  days'  rest.  It  is  ex- 
tremely painful. 

Treatment  :  Diminish  the  quantity  of 
the  food,  give  as  a  laxative  a  quart  of  raw 
linseed  oil  or  a  ball  of  six  drams  of  aloes. 
Bathe  the  leg  with  hot  water  frequently,  and 
give  walking  exercise  as  soon  as  the  animal 
can  move  without  too  much  pain. 

Dropsy. 

This  is  the  name  given  to  the  accumulation  of  serum  beneath 
the  skin  or  in  the  serous  cavities.  It  is  not  a  disease  in  itself, 
but  it  is  a  prominent  symptom  of  a  number  of  disorders.  It  is 
characterized  by  swelling  of  the  parts,  which  are  not  highly 
sensitive,  but  pit  when  pressure  is  applied.  The  most  common 
form  found  in  the  horse  is  dropsy  of  the  legs,  commonly  called 
stocking.  Stocking  of  the  leg  is  an  indication  of  an  ill,  depraved 
condition  of  the  blood,  of  improper  circulation,  or  want  of  ex- 
ercise. It  is  quite  common  in  anaemia,  especially  when  induced 
by  a  diet  of  watery,  innutritious  substances.  Dropsy  of  the 
abdomen  is  also  very  frequently  found  in  the  horse.  Its  causes 
are  the  same  as  those  which  produce  dropsy  of  the  leg.  The 
swelling  of  the  abdomen  or  even  of  the  sheath  is  frequently  seen 
as  the  direct  result  of  anaemia  or  poverty  of  the  blood. 

Treatment:  Place  the  animal  in  a  large  box  stall  or  in  a 
slied,  where  exercise  can  be  obtained.  Give  laxative  food, 
such  as  bran  mashes,  for  a  day  or  two.  Follow  this  with  a 
dose  of  6  or  8  drams  of  aloes,  unless  the  animal  is  quite  weak, 
when  the  physic  should  be  withheld.  The  bowels  should  be 
kept  active  by  occasional  doses  of  2  to  4  ounces  of  Glauber's 
salts.  Teaspoonful  doses  of  nitrate  of  potash  three  times  a  day 
will  also  aid  the  kidneys  in  throwing  off  the  excessive  liquids- 
from  the  system. 


DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE.  35* 

If  the  swelling  of  the  abdomen  or  sheath  is  quite  extensive, 
punctures  should  be  made  with  the  point  of  a  sharp  knife,  and  the 
serum  allowed  to  escape.  Dropsical  swellings  may  often  be  re- 
duced very  remarkably  in  this  manner  in  the  course  of  a  few  hours. 
Improve  the  quality  of  the  blood  with  bitter  tonics  and 
especially  with  the  salts  of  iron.  Nux  vomica,  quassia  and 
cinchona,  with  carbonate  or  sulphate  of  iron,  are  the  best  reme- 
dies in  these  conditions.  Horses  suffering  from  dropsy  should 
receive  good,  nutritious  food,  with  a  long  course  of  tonics. 
Dr.  Hess  Stock  Food  will  be  found  of  special  value  in  these 
cases,  as  it  contains  the  very  elements  necessary  to  produce 
good,  rich  blood,  and  where  the  above  suggestions  have  been 
followed,  with  regard  to  general  treatment,  the  Stock  Food  is 
almost  an  absolute  specific. 

Scratches. 

Scratches  is  the  name  commonly  given  to  inflammation  of 
the  heels  and  back  part  of  the  legs  of  the  horse.  The  disease 
is  most  common  in  coarse,  heavy  limbed  animals  that  have  a 
tendency  to  stocking  of  the  legs,  and  may  be  caused  by  poor 
circulation,  torpidity  of  the  kidneys,  washing  the  heels 'with 
irritating  soaps,  failure  to  wipe  them  dry  or  frequent  wetting 
of  the  heels,  or  from  irritating  substances,  such  as  filth,  gases, 
standing  in  slush,  snow  or  fetid  pools. 

Symptoms:  There  is  swelling  of  the  legs,  with  dry  heat 
and  tenderness.  The  legs  appear  stiff  and  sore,  and  the  skin 
frequently  cracks,  forming  fissures.  Occasionally  eruptions  or 
pustules  form;  in  white  horses  the  skin  looks  red  and  inflamed. 

Treatment:  Remove  the  cause  as  far  as  possible,  avoid 
filth  of  any  kind,  and  prevent  the  legs  from  becoming  wet. 
If  there  is  low  circulation  with  tendency  to  stocking  of  the 
legs,  laxatives  should  be  given,  such  as  four  ounces  of  Glauber's 
salts  twice  a  day,  or  a  cathartic  such  as  six  to  eight  drams  of 
aloes.  Nitrate  of  potash  in  two  dram  doses  twice  a  day  will 
also  aid  in  removing  the  swelling  of  the  legs.  The  animal 
should  have  exercise  in  a  large  box  stall.  The  food  should  be 
composed  of  bran  and  oats  with  carrots.  Filth  should  be  re- 
moved with  a  rag  or  soft  brush.  Wash  in  a  solution  of  1  part 
Dr.  Hess  Dip  and  Disinfectant  to  50  parts  of  water.  Repeat 
daily. 

Grease  Heel. 


Grease  heel   is   an   aggravated    form   of  scratches.     The 
causes  are  the  same  as  those  which  induce  scratches. 


36  DR-  HESS  SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE, 

Symptoms:  The  legs  become  swollen,  are  extremely  tender, 
and  exude  an  offensive,  oily  substance  which 
dries  and  forms  crusts.  Fissures  may  also  form 
in  the  skin.  Nodules  frequently  spring  up.  The 
nodules  or  fungus  growths  are  covered  with  a 
dark  secretion,  which  when  removed  pre- 
sents a  red,  irritated  surface. 

Treatment  :  Give  the  animal  goodsur- 
roundings,  feed  bran  mashes  and  scalded 
oats.  After  a  few  feeds  of  this  kind,  give 
six  drams  of  aloes  in  a  pint  of  raw  linseed 

oil.  Follow  1  his  with  two  ounce  doses  of  A  Bad  Condition  of  Grease, 
sulphate  of  soda  twice  a  day.  If  this  proves  too  laxative  dimin- 
ish the  quantity.  Give  two  dram  doses  of  saltpetre  in  the  drink- 
ing water  twice  a  day.  Remove  scabs  or  crusts  from  the  legs  by 
applying  warm  poultices.  After  poultice  is  removed  wipe  the 
parts  dry,  and  apply  Dr.  Hess  Healing  Powder  twice  a  day. 

Horses  affected  with  grease  heel  should  be  given  a  contin- 
ued course  of  treatment  with  Dr.  Hess  Stock  Food. 

Mange  of  the  Heel. 

This  disease  often  resembles  scratches,  but  in  addition  to 
the  common  symptoms  there  is  intense  itching;  the  animal  will 
bite  the  legs  and  kick;  scabs  and  pustules  will  form,  similar  to 
those  found  in  scratches  not  due  to  a  parasite. 

Mange  of  the  heel  should  be  treated  in  general  the  same  as 
scratches.  In  addition,  ointments  to  destroy  the  parasite 
should  be  applied.  One  part  Dr.  Hess  Dip  and  Disinfectant 
to  5  o  parts  water  will  destroy  the  parasite,  or  oxide  of  zinc 
ointment,  with  which  a  dram  of  oil  of  tar  or  balsam  of  Peru 
has  been  thoroughly  rubbed  up  should  be  applied  once  a  day; 
or  a  dram  of  balsam  of  Peru  to  an  ounce  of  sulphur  ointment 
should  be  rubbed  over  the  affected  parts;  or  daily  applications 
of  a  solution  of  hyposulphite  of  soda  will  destroy  the  parasite. 

Leucorrhoea. 

This  Is  a  disease  of  the  mucous  membranes  of  the  genital 
organs,  usually  affecting  aged  mares.  It  is  characterized  by  a 
whitish  discharge  of  a  muco-purulent  nature.  The  animal 
loses  flesh,  spirits  and  appetite. 

Causes,  debility,  or  injuries  in  parturition. 

Treatment:  Give  nutritious  food  with  tonics,  such  as  Dr. 
Hess  Stock  Food.  Dissolve  2  drams  of  white  vitriol,  2  drams  of 
sugar  of  lead,  with  y2  ounce  carbolic  acid  in  a  pint  of  water,  and 
use  a  tablepoonful  of  this  in  y2  pint  of  warm  water  as  an  injection 
once  a  day  until  the  discharge  ceases.  Dr.  Hess  Dip  &  Disinfeo= 
tant  1  part  to  100  of  water  injected  will  relieve  the  difficulty. 


DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE.  37 

Nettle  Rash,  Urticaria  or  Surfeit, 

This  is  a  disease  characterized  by  sudden  breaking  out  or 
swellings  over  the  skin.  Elevations  will  form  over  the  body 
resembling  bee  stings.  They  frequently  appear  on  the  neck 
and  shoulders,  occasionally  on  the  face  and  eyelids.  The  dis- 
ease appears  suddenly,  and  is  usually  caused  by  errors  in  diet 

Treatment:  Administer  a  plwsic  of  four  drams  of  aloes 
with  a  pint  of  raw  linseed  oil,  feed  lightly  of  laxative  food  to 
which  has  been  added  two  drams  of  powerful  chlorate  of  potash 
twice  a  day. 

Scaly  Skin. 

This  is  a  disease  of  the  skin  characterized  by  dandruff  or 
scales  of  a  scurfy  nature,  which  form  on  the  skin.  Occasion- 
ally pustules  will  form  with  shedding  of  the  hair.  Sometimes 
there  is  great  itching. 

Treatment:  Give  laxative  food  with  two  dram  doses  of  bi- 
carbonate of  soda  twice  a  day;  or  add  an  ounce  of  iodide  of  potash 
to  a  pint  of  Fowler's  solution  and  give  a  tablespoonful  twice  a 
day,  in  a  small  amount  of  water  or  in  the  feed  of  grain.  A  dram 
of  oil  of  tar  to  an  ounce  of  vaseline  does  well  as  a  local  application 

Itching  or  Nervous  Irritation  of  the  Skin. 

This  disease  is  often  found  in  horses  that  are  overfed  with 
grain  and  are  confined  to  close,  illy  ventilated  stables.  It  is 
usually  more  prevalent  in  hot  weather.  It  is  very  frequently 
found  in  the  absence  of  any  eruption  on  the  skin. 

Treat  by  giving  a  purge  of  6  to  8  drams  of  aloes  suspended 
in  water  or  given  in  a  bolus.  Follow  the  physic  with  laxative 
food,  such  as  bran  and  oats,  and  give  two  ounces  of  Glauber's 
salts  dissolved  in  the  drinking  water  or  dissolved  and  added  to 
the  feed  of  grain  once  a  day.  If  the  mane  and  tail  are  the 
practical  seat  of  disease,  apply  common  soft  soap,  rubbing  it  in 
thoroughly.  After  ten  minutes,  wash  out  clean  with  soft 
water.  Three  ounces  of  hyposulphite  of  soda  dissolved  in  a 
pint  of  water,  to  which  has  been  added  one-half  ounce  of  car- 
bolic acid,  is  an  excellent  local  application.  It  should  be 
applied  once  a  day. 

Black  Tumors. 

Black  tumors  are  frequently  found  in  white  horses,  on  the  sur- 
faces of  the  body  not  covered  with  hair,  such  as  the  under  surface 
of  the  tail,  the  lips,  the  sheath  or  the  face.  They  are  composed 
of  pigment,  supposed  to  be  the  coloring  matter  from  the  hair. 

Treatment:  Remove  with  a  knife,  if  possible;  if,  however, 
they  are  too  numerous,  or  cover  too  great  a  surface,  no  treat- 
ment should  be  instituted. 


38  DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC   TREATISE. 

Inflammation  of  the  Bladder,  or  Cystitis. 

Cause:  Inflammation  of  the  bladder  is  frequently  the  result 
of  over  doses  of  diuretic  medicines,  such  as  turpentine,  can- 
tharides,  or  from  the  application  of  blisters  over  too  large  a  sur- 
face.    It  may  also  result  from  sudden  exposure  to  cold. 

Symptoms:  The  animal  shows  pain,  with  elevation  of  the 
temperature,  switching  of  the  tail  and  frequently  voiding  small 
quantities  of  urine  tinted  with  blood  or  covered  with  mucus; 
walks  with  difficulty  and  assumes  an  irregular,  staggering  gait. 

Treatment:  Remove  the  cause,  and  give  good  nutritious 
food  with  demulcent  drinks,  such  as  flaxseed  tea  or  pure  water, 
or  give  internally  the  following:  Steep  two  ounces  of  buchu 
leaves  in  a  quart  of  water,  add  an  ounce  of  bromide  of  potash, 
and  give  two  ounces  of  this  every  four  hours.  After  the  acute 
symptoms  have  subsided,  give  two  drams  of  sweet  spirits  of 
nitre  with  ten  drops  fluid  extract  of  belladonna  three  times  a  day. 

Founder. 

Founder  or  laminitis  is  an  inflamma- 
tion of  the  feet.  In  acute  cases  the  animal 
becomes  very  stiff,  moves  with  great  diffi- 
culty, and  evinces  acute  pain.  If  made 
to  back  will  drag  the  front  feet,  and  usu- 
ally stand  with  the  hind  feet  well  forward. 

Treatment  :   Bleeding  from  the  large 

vein  of  the  neck  or  direct  from  the  feet  Foot  of  a  Foundered  Horse, 
often  brings  prompt  relief,  especially  if  done  early.  A  moderate 
physic  of  4  to  6  drams  of  aloes  in  a  pint  of  raw  linseed  oil  should 
be  given,  and  hot  poultices  applied  to  the  feet.  In  laminitis 
following  parturition  in  the  mare,  cold  applications  should  be 
made  to  the  feet.    The  animal  should  not  be  put  to  work  too  soon. 

Inflammation  of  the  Udder,  or  Mammitis. 

This  disease  sometimes  occurs  in  the  mare.  It  is  shown  by 
swelling  of  the  gland,  manifestations  of  pain,  with  increased 
temperature  and  respirations. 

Treat  by  giving  a  laxative;  feed  soft,  easily  digested  food 
in  small  quantities;  bathe  the  udder  with  warm  water,  after 
which  apply  camphorated  oil,  to  four  ounces  of  which  has 
been  added  an  ounce  of  fluid  extract  of  belladonna.  Repeat 
the  warm  fomentations  and  applications  of  the  oil  three  or  four 
times  a  day.  If  it  occurs  during  a  period  of  lactation,  remove 
the  milk  frequently.  If  abscesses  form ,  a  free  incision  should 
be  made  to  allow  the  escape  of  pus,  and  the  wound  cleansed 
by  injecting  a  two  per  cent,  solution  of  carbolic  acid. 


DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE, 


39 


Curb. 

This  is  a  swelling  at  the  back  part  of  the  hind  leg  below  or 
at  the  lower  part  of  the  hock  joint. 

Causes  are  slipping,  hard  pulling,  rearing,  in  badly  formed 
hocks.     In  recent  cases  it  causes  lameness. 

Treatment:  Hot  fomentations  to  remove  heat  and  ten- 
derness. A  shoe  high  at  the  heel;  later  apply  a  blister  of  red 
iodide  of  mercury,  one  dram;  vaseline,  one  ounce;  rub  together 
and  apply.     Repeat  if  necessary. 

Spavin. 

Spavin  is  a  bony  growth  about  the  hock  joint.  It  causes 
lameness  and  does  not  readily  yield  to  treatment.  A  spavined 
hock  can  never  be  as  good  as  one  free  from  disease,  although 
the  lameness  may  be  removed. 

Treatment:  Rest  and  blisters.  The  firing  iron  is  the 
surest  remedy,  because  it  can  be  controlled  in  its  application, 
and  its  effects  go  deeper.  A  spavin  is  said  to  be  cured  or  killed 
when  the  diseased  bones  firmly  unite. 

Side  Bones. 

Side  bones  appear  as  hard,  bony  tumors  at  the  back  part  of 
the  sides  of  the  feet.  They  cause  lameness  and  constitute  an 
unsoundness.  They  are  found  in  heavy  horses  almost  exclu- 
sively, and  are  frequently  the  result  of  standing  on  plank  floors 
and  high  calkins.     They  are  not  easily  cured. 

Treatment:  The  treatment  given  under  spavin  applies  as 
well  to  these.  Cutting  out  the  bony  growths  is  now  success- 
fully practiced. 

Ring  Bone. 

Ring  bones  are  outgrowths  of  bone  about  the  joints  above 
the  hoof.  They  cause  lameness  and  constitute  unsoundness. 
They  usually  yield  more  readily  to  treatment  than  spavins,  as 
the  joints  are  not  so  complicated. 

Treatment  is  the  same  as  given  under  spavin. 

Collar  Boils. 

These  often  form  on  the  shoulders,  and  are  large,  soft 
tumors,  usually  appearing  a  day  or  more  after  the  horse  is 
taken  from  work.  They  are  not  sensitive,  and  if  not  too  large  * 
may  disappear  without  treatment,  but  if  very  large  they  should 
be  opened  low  down  and  a  large  opening  made  to  allow  the  free 
exit  of  the  bloody  serum  they  contain.  The  opening  in  these 
large,  soft  swellings  should  not  be  less  than  an  inch  and  a  half 
in  length.  After  the  escape  of  the  contents,  by  inserting  the 
finger  large  quantities  of  broken  down  tissue  will  be  found, 


40  DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC   TREATISE. 

which  should  be  removed  and  a  quantity  of  powdered  bluestone 
inserted  to  hasten  the  escape  of  the  injured  tissue. 

Dislocation  of  the  Patella. 

The  affected  limb  is  extended  backwards  and  the  leg  can- 
not be  bent  at  the  hock  joint. 

Treatment:  Back  up  the  horse  to  relax  the  tendon,  and 
at  the  same  time  push  forward  and  inward  over  the  whirlbone. 
When  the  patella  reaches  its  proper  place  the  animal  will 
walk  off  all  right.  Tie  the  foot  slightly  forward  by  extending 
a  rope  or  strap  around  the  neck.  A  strong  rope  or  strap  should 
not  be  used.     Apply  a  blister  well  over  the  patella. 

Shoe  Boils. 

These  are  tumors  of  the  same  nature  as  described  before. 
They  come  from  the  animal  resting  with  the  elbow  on  the  shoe 
when  lying  in  the  stall. 

Treatment  consists  in  removing  the  cause,  and  following 
the  suggestions  given  under  Collar  Boils.  These  may  be  re- 
moved by  ligature,  that  is  by  tying  a  string  tightly  around  the 
tumor  and  allowing  it  to  slough  off.  Treat  the  wound  by 
applying  Dr.  Hess  Healing  Powder.  A  blister,  made  by  rub- 
bing a  dram  of  red  iodide  of  mercury  well  into  an  ounce  of 
vaseline,  applied  once  a  week,  will  aid  in  removing  any  enlarge- 
ment that  remains  after  other  means  have  been  exhausted. 

Capped  Hock. 

This  is  due  to  bruise  or  irritation  of  the  point  of  the  hock. 
It  may  be  the  result  of  kicking  against  the  stall  or  other  injury. 

Treatment  consists  in  removing  the  cause,  allaying  the  in- 
flammation by  hot  fomentations,  or  by  the  cold  douche,  after 
which  apply  absorbents.  Tincture  of  iodine  and  glycerine,  of 
each  two  ounces,  applied  twice  a  day,  will  aid  in  reducing  the 
enlargement,  or  the  blister  given  under  Shoe  Boil  will  do  very 
nicely.  The  knife  should  not  be  used  to  reduce  the  swelling 
or  to  allow  the  escape  of  the  serum  in  capped  hock. 

Puncture  of  the  Foot. 

Punctured  wounds  are  those  made  by  the  thrust  of  a  pointed 
instrument.  In  relation  to  their  extent  they  are  the  most 
dangerous  wounds  we  have.  Punctures  of  the  feet  are  very 
common  in  horses.  They  are  very  serious  and  dangerous  from 
the  frequency  with  which  they  cause  lockjaw. 

Treatment  :  Punctured  wounds  should  be  enlarged  with  the 
knife  if  too  small  to  afford  drainage.  In  punctured  wound  of  the 
foot,  the  hoof  or  sole  should  be  cut  entirely  through  down  to 
the  sensitive  tissue,  and  the  foot  placed  in  very  warm  water,  to 


BR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE.  41, 

which  ten  grains  of  corrosive  sublimate  to  each  gallon  has  been 
added.     Protect  the  wound  from  filth  and  repeat  the  bath. 

Fistula  and  Poll  Evil. 

Fistula  of  the  withers  is  a  contused  wound,  resulting  from 
rubbing  against  a  post  or  tree,  ill-fitting  collar;  rolling  upon  a 
stone  or  other  hard  body  in  the  field  will  often  bruise  the 
withers  and  neck  so  that  a  large,  soft  swelling  will  result. 

Poll  evil  results  from  striking  the  head  against  a  low  door- 
way or  stable.  Possibly  it  may  be  the  result  of  a  blow  of  a 
club  or  fork  handle  in  the  hands  of  the  stable-man. 

Treatment:    These   two  conditions 
differ  only  in  location.     Hot  fomentations 
and  blisters  may  absorb  the  serum;  the 
use   of  the  knife  should  be  avoided,    if 
possible,  as  these  wounds,  from  the  diffi- 
culty in  getting  complete  drainage,    are 
hard  to  heal.     If  pus  forms,   its  escape 
should  be  hastened  by  poultices  and  the 
use  of  the  knife.     In  all  swellings  where 
the  presence  of  pus  is  determined,  its  es- 
cape should  be  hastened  by  an  opening  Showing  Seton. 
into  the  least  resisting  part  at  the  lowest  point.     The  wound 
should  then  be  thoroughly  cleansed  with  a  two  per  cent,  solu- 
tion of  carbolic  acid;  and  daily  applications  of  Dr.  Hess  Healing 
Powder  should  be  inserted  well  into  the  wound. 

Contraction  of  the  Heels. 

Contraction  of  the  heel  results  frequently  from  high  toes  and 
'ealkins,  neglect  in  trimming  the  hoof,  want  of  frog  pressure,  etc. 

Treatment:  If  possible,  remove  the  shoes,  pare  the  hoof 
down  level  with  the  frog  and  turn  the  horse  to  grass  for  a 
couple  of  months,  or  if  wanted  for  every  day  use  shoe  with  tips 
only  covering  the  front  part  of  the  foot,  giving  frog  pressure.  If 
full  shoe  is  necessary,  let  it  be  fiat  with  bar  for  frog  pressure. 

Thrush. 

Thrush  is  a  disease  of  the  frog  and  sole  characterized  by  a 
very  fetid  discharge  and  deep  fissures  at  heel  and  sides  of  the 
frog.     It  usually  results  from  filth. 

Treatment.  Cleanse  and  pack  with  cotton  saturated  in  a 
25%  solution  of  Dr.  Hess  Dip  and  Disinfectant.  '  After  12  hour* 
remove  and  fill  the  fissure  with  Dr.  Hess  Healing  Powder. 


42  DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE. 

Quarter  Cracks. 

Quarter  cracks  are  cracks,  as  shown 
in  cut,  in  the  wall  of  the  foot.  They  are 
best  treated  by  removing  the  pressure 
irom  that  part  of  the  wall  by  cutting  the 
sole  out  slightly,  and  by  cutting  through 
the  wall  across  the  crack  near  the  top 
of  the  wall.  Blisters  to  the  coronet  are 
often  followed  by  improvement. 

SpraillS.  Quarter  Cracks. 

Sprains  of  tendons  are  best  treated  by  supporting  with  a 
neat  fitting  bandage  and  rest.  A  liniment  composed  of  tincture 
of  arnica,  tincture  of  witchhazel,  of  each  three  ounces;  spirits 
of  ammonia,  two  ounces;  water  enough  to  make  a  pint  should 
be  applied  well  before  placing  bandage.  Raise  the  heel  and 
shorten  the  toe  to  relax  the  tendon  and  afford  relief. 

Corns. 

Corns  result  from  a  bruise  on  the  sole  of  the  foot,  or  t&ey 
may  be  caused  by  ill-fitting  shoes. 

Treatment  :  Remove  the  pressure ;  pare  down  the  horny  por- 
tion of  sole,  and  apply  butter  of  antimony  with  a  swab  or  brush. 

Moon  Blindness. 

This  disease  may  implicate  almost  every  structure  of  the 
eye.  It  is  incurable,  and  will  eventually  destroy  the  eye.  It 
recurs  at  intervals,  but  is  not  influenced  by  the  moon,  as  is 
generally  supposed. 

Symptoms:  The  onset  is  sudden,  usually  at  night,  and  the 
animal  is  supposed  to  have  injured  the  eye  by  a  thrust  of  weed 
or  spear  of  hay.  The  eye  is  half  closed,  looks  dim  and  blue 
about  the  edge  of  the  corned.  Pus  may  form  in  the  lower  part 
of  the  chamber  if  che  iris  becomes  inflamed. 

Treatment:  Give  light,  laxative  diet,  bleed  from  the  vein 
below  the  eye,  protect  from  strong  light.  Improvement  will 
be  noticed  in  a  short  time. 

Should  the  eye  remain  cloudy,  milky  or  bluish  gray,  with 
9  feather,  place  a  quantity  of  the  following  within  the  lower 
lid:  Yellow  oxide  of  mercury,  three  grains;  vaseline,  one  dram; 
rub  well  together  and  use  twice  a  day. 

Conjunctivitis. 

Conjunctivitis  is  an  inflammation  of  the  inner  surface  of  the 
lids.  It  may  also  extend  to  the  eyeball.  It  may  be  known  by 
a  red.  irritated  condition,  watery  discharge  and  dread  of  light. 


DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE-  43 

Treatment:  Bathe  with  cold  water;  draw  down  the 
lower  lid  and,  with  a  dropper  placed  on  the  edge  of  the  lid, 
inject  several  drops  of  the  following:  White  vitriol,  ten  grains; 
sulphate  of  morphine,  two  grains;  distilled  water,  one  ounce. 
Use  several  times  a  day.  No  attempt  should  be  made  to  throw 
the  medicine  into  the  eye  at  a  distance  of  several  inches  as  the 
animal  will  not  permit  it  the  second  time. 

Cribbing. 

Cribbing  or  wind  sucking  is  a  vice.  It  can  be  prevented 
by  buckling  a  strap  tightly  around  the  throat  or  by  removing 
all  obstacles  upon  which  the  horse  may  fix  his  |eeth.  Cribbers 
can  be  detected  by  examination  of  the  incisor  teeth,  which  are 
worn  at  the  anterior  edges. 


Rockwell,  Iowa.  Sept.  29th,  '99. 
Dr.  Hess  &  Clark,  Ashland,  O. 

Gentlemen :  I  had  seven  sick  hogs  and  two  died.  My  son  working  for 
Jennings  your  agent  advised  me  to  try  your  Stock  Food  and  it  ha*  cured  three 
of  the  five  left,  and  the  other  two  are  nearly  ready  to  go  back  in  a  pen.  I 
shall  continue  to  use  it  for  it  has  done  good  work  for  me. 

C.  J.  TANNER. 

H.  L.  Adams,  Banker  and  Broker  of  Port  Berry,  Ont»,  writes : 
Dr.  Hess  &  Clark,  Ashland,  O. 

Gentlemen:  "Some  time  ago  I  wrote  you  saying  that  I  had  a  very  nice  bay 
gelding  that  was  out  of  order  and  that  I  had  used  everything  in  the  way  of 
medicine  and  vcterinary's  advice  to  put  him  in  condition,  but  could  not  do  so, 
and  on  receipt  of  my  letter  you  kindly  mailed  me  a  recipe  for  him  and  the 
directions  for  the  use  thereof,  and  I  am  very  pleased  to  say  that  in  a  very  short 
time  my  horse  got  in  a  splendid,  thrifty  condition,  which  was  the  result  of  your 
recipe ;  and  I  have  much  pleasure  in  thanking  you  for  it  and  in  saying  that  in 
June  last  I  sold  this  horse  for  the  sum  of  four  hundred  and  fifty  dollars,  as  he 
turned  out  to  be  a  very  fine  horse  indeed." 

P.  S.  "  I  keep  a  bag  of  Dr.  Hess  Stock  Food  in  my  stables  all  the  time." 


Geo.  "W*  Baney,  Bart,  Pa.,  writes :  "I  have  been  having  trouble  with  my 
horse  swelling  at  the  glands.  I  have  at  present  a  young  mare  that  seems  to 
be  getting  the  same  way.  The  glands  sometimes  become  swollen;  she  coughs 
at  times.  You  will  remember  I  wrote  you  some  time  ago  about  my  hogs 
having  something  like  th ;  mange.  I  used  your  prescription,  it  was  a  success, 
it  cleaned  them  of  the  scruff.  If  you  can  tell  me  something  to  cure  this  mart 
as  well  as  you  did  the  hogs,  I  would  be  very  grateful." 


"A  Tablespoon  Is  the  Measure,  Twice 
Full  the  Average  Dose  for 
Horse  or  Ox. 


ti&v 


7  Lbs.     iZ  Lbs. 


25  Lbs. 


5©  Lbs. 


lOOLbs. 


DR.  HESS  STOCK  FOOD 

IS  THE  SCIENTIFIC  COMPOUND  FOR  HORSES 

HT  CURES  hide  bound,  Mood  disorders,  indigestion,  scratches 

I  and  constipation.  These  conditions  are  due  to  an  im- 
poverished condition*  The  system  is  unable  to  take  up 
and  assimilate  the  necessary  elements  which  form  the  different 
constituents  of  the  body. 

DR.  HESS  STOCK  FOOD  at  once  corrects  digestion, 
tones  up  the  system,  improves  the  circulation  and  supplies  the 
laxatives  necessary  to  cause  the  bowels  to  move  regularly. 

IT  CURES  DROPSICAL  CONDITION  which  results 
from  failure  of  the  blood  to  be  supplied  with  proper  nutrition. 
It  becomes  watery.  There  is  a  deficiency  of  red  blood  cor- 
puscles. The  watery  element  of  the  blood  exudes  from  the 
vessels;  the  kidneys  are  impoverished;  they  fail  to  eliminate 
the  water  from  the  system  which  allows  a  double  amount  of 
water  or  serum  in  the  blood. 

DR.  HESS  STOCK  FOOD  promotes  the  secret  on  of  the 
juices  necessary  for  the  digestion  and  contains  th«  s*i"s  essential 
for  absorption  of  the  nutritious  material? 


M 


IT  CURES  DISTEMPER  OR  EPIZOOTY 

t>y  throwing  off  the  poisonous  material  retained  in  the  system. 
Also  increases  the  action  of  the  bowels,  aids  in  the  assimi- 
lation of  food  which  produces  new  strength,  vigor  and  ap- 
petite. 

IT  NOT  ONLY  EXPELS  WORMS  BUT  REMOVES 
THE  CAUSE. 

Worms  and  good  rich  blood  will  not  exist  in  the  sam© 
system.  DR.  HESS  STOCK  FOOD  removes  the  worms,  makes 
red  blood  corpuscles  and  tones  up  the  system  in  general. 

IT  CURES  panting  due  to  debility,  frequent  urination  dus 
to -high  concentration,  coughs  and  skin  diseases. 

IT  PREVENTS  flatulence  and  wards  off  diseases. 

DR.  HESS  STOCK  FOOD 

Is  equally  well  adapted  for  horses  of  all  ages  and  under  all] 
conditions ;  for  brood  mares,  for  mares  in  foal,  for  colts,  fee 
stallions,  etc. 

DR.  HESS  STOCK  FOOD 

Is  a  flesh  producer  and  can't  be  otherwise.  Not  that  it  con° 
tains  protein  or  nitrogenous  material ;  we  don't  claim  that- 
but  it  does  contain  the  very  essential  tonics  that  put  the  sys- 
tem to  work  and  compel  it  to  take  care  of  the  stuff  fed,  allow= 
ing  nb  food  to  pass  off  undigested. 


W.  G.  Rich,  Bath  Bridge,  Gloucestershire,  Eng.,  the  great  importer  and  owner  of 
1,000  acres  of  land,  writes  :  "  Where  can  I  get  Dr.  Hess  Stock  Food  in  England  t 
In  vry  travels  in  America  I  find  it  in  many  stables  and  highly  recommended  by  my 
frienos.'* 


Jos.  K  Truxel,  Glessner,  Pa.,  says  :  "I  have  used  Dr.  Hess  Stock  Food  for  horses 
•nd  cattle  ind  it  is  the  best  food  I  have  ever  used.  I  cannot  recommend  it  too  highly 
end  always  keep  it  on  hand." 


C  T.  Smith,  Chalmers,  Ind.,  says:  "I  have  used  Dr.  Hess  Stock  Food  for  the 
past  two  months  and  it  is  far  superior  to  any  stock  food  I  ever  used.  It  will  do  all  and 
sven  more  than  you  claim  for  it.     Any  one  who  raises  stock  should  not  be  without  it." 


Al.  H.  Thrailkill,   I,e^>sic,    O..    says:     "I   have  a  very  high  opinion  of  Dr.  Hess 
Stock  Food,  and  thank  Dr.  Hess  for  his  advice  on  my  horse." 

45 


DR.  HESS  HEALING  POWDER 


D^ocracracra 


E 


R.  HESS   HEALING  POWDER  is  the  modern  gall  cure. 
It  cures  galls,  scratches,  grease  heel,  cuts,  ulcers,  burns, 
thrush,  foul  in  the  foot,  indolent  sores  and  open  wounds 
of  every  description.     It  is  a  white 
smooth  antiseptic  powder  that  does 
not  become  rancid  or  lose  its  virtue. 

It  is  better  than  oils,  lotions  and 
ointments,  because  it  will  not  collect 
dust,  filth  and  germs.  It  possesses 
all  their  merits  without  any  of  their 
objectionable  features. 

Whatever  the  nature  of  the 
wound,  abrasion  or  gall  a  perfect 
coat  is  formed  underneath  which 
the  process  of  repair  is  rapidly 
carried  on. 

It  allays  the  itching,  soothes  the 
feverish  condition,  checks  discharges 
and   positively   prevents    decomposition    and    sloughing. 
Flies  will  not  attack  wounds  treated  with  this  powder. 

It  comes  in  a  four  ounce  can  which  sells  for  25  cents. 
By  punching  holes  through  indentations  you  have  a  per- 
forated  top  which  makes  it  easy  to  apply  the  powder 
without  a  particle  of  waste. 


MANUFACTURED  BY 


DR.  HESS  &  CLARK, 


ASHLAND,  OHIO. 


46 


CATTLE 

How  to 
Keep  Them 

How  to 
Treat  Them 

In  administering  medicines  to  cattle,  the  amount  required 
Is  usually  about  one  and  a  half  times  that  required  for  horses. 

In  drenching  the  ox,  the  liquid  should  be  poured  into  the 
mouth  slowly,  the  nose  should  only  be  raised  sufficiently  high 
to  allow  the  fluid  to  flow  backward ;  if  raised  too  high,  swal- 
lowing is  prevented  and  the  liquid  is  apt  to  flow  into  the  wind- 
pipe and  cause  strangulation.  This  difficulty  is  frequently 
experienced  in  cows  suffering  from  coma  or  insensibility  in 
such  cases  as  parturient  apoplexy. 

Acute  Indigestion  or  Bloat. 


Acute  indigestion  in  the  ox 

results     from     taking     undue  Trocar  for  Puncturing  the  Paunch, 

quantities  of  food,  especially  foods  that  are  mouldy  or  musty 
or  improperly  cured;  from  drinking  large  quantities  of  cold 
water,  or  from  eating  large  quantities  of  grass,  especially 
clover,  that  is  wet  or  covered  with  dew  or  frost. 

Symptoms:  The  animal  will  appear  uneasy,  with  loss  of 
appetite  and  anxious  look;  the  temperature  remains  normal, 
there  may  be  eructations  &  gas  with  portions  of  partially 
masticated  food,  slavers  drip  from  the  mouth,  and  when  asso- 
ciated with  great  distention  of  the  rumen  with  gas  is  known  as 
tympany  or  hoven.  The  animal  now  shows  great  distension 
on  the  left  side;  tapping  with  the  finger  emits  a  hollow,  drum- 
like  sound,  the  breathing  becomes  frequent  and  quick,  the 
animal  has  a  staggering  gait,  and  may  die  from  suffocation 
caused  by  encroachment  of  the  paunch  upon  the  lungs. 

47 


48  DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE. 

Treatment:  Avoid  the  causes  of  indigestion  as  far  as 
possible.  Wet  grass  or  decomposed  food  especially  should  be 
forbidden.  Give  an  ounce  of  bicarbonate  of  soda  in  a  pint  of 
water,  or  an  ounce  of  turpentine  added  to  a  pint  of  raw  linseed 
oil,  or  aromatic  spirits  of  ammonia  in  two  ounce  doses  with 
one-half  pint  of  water  often  gives  relief.  Four  ounces  of  hypo- 
sulphite of  soda  in  a  pint  of  water  is  also  excellent  treatment.  If 
this  treatment  does  not  bring  speedy  relief,  the  trocar  must  be 
resorted  to.  It  should  be  introduced  on  the  left  side  at  the 
fullest  point.  If  no  trocar  is  at  hand,  the  blade  of  a  sharp 
knife  should  be  thrust  through  the  skin  into  the  paunch,  and 
a  large  quill  or  other  hollow  instrument  should  be  inserted  to 
allow  the  escape  of  gas.  The  tube  or  canula  can  be  kept  in 
position  for  several  hours  if  gas  reforms.  Improve  the  diges- 
tive organs  by  the  administration  of  bitter  tonics,  such  as 
quassia,  cinchona,  gentian  and  nux  vomica.  Dr.  Hess  Stock 
Food  can  always  be  depended  upon  to  improve  the  organs  of 
digestion. 

In  calves  indigestion  and  flatulence  are  quite  common.  It 
is  the  result  of  feeding  undue  quantities  of  milk  after  fasting, 
or  it  may  result  from  feeding  sour  or  partially  decomposed 
milk,  or  milk  in  which  there  is  too  great  a  quantity1  of  acid. 
It  sometimes  results  from  the  dam  becoming  overheated,  or  in 
older  calves  it  may  be  the  result  of  eating  undue  quantities  of 
grain  or  vegetables,  especially  if  partially  decomposed. 

Treatment:  Remove  the  cause  as  far  as  possible,  and 
prevent  its  recurrence.  Give  a  laxative  of  4  to  6  ounces  of  raw 
linseed  oil,  castor  oil,  or  four  ounces  of  Epsom  salts.  If  pain 
is  great  with  considerable  flatulence,  1  to  2  drams  of  laudanum 
with  one-half  ounce  dose  of  aromatic  spirits  of  ammonia  should 
be  given  in  one-half  pint  of  water;  or  a  teaspoonful  of  common 
baking  soda  can  be  added  to  the  oil  or  given  dissolved  in  water. 
A  dram  of  subnitrate  of  bismuth  on  the  tongue  is  also  good. 
If  this  treatment  gives  no  relief,  the  trocar  and  canula  should 
be  employed  same  as  recommended  for  the  ox.  After  recov- 
ery the  animal  should  be  given  easily  digested  food,  such  as 
hay  tea  with  gruels. 

An  excellent  preparation  for  the  calf  can  be  made  by  steep- 
ing four  pounds  of  finely  cut,  clean  hay  in  three  gallons  of 
water  for  an  hour,  remove  the  hay  then  add  three  pounds  of 
middlings,  one  pound  of  flaxseed  meal  and  two  tablespoonfuls 
of  Dr.  Hess  Stock  Food;  allow  this  to  simmer  for  one-half 
hour  longer,  then  add  sufiicient  water  to  make  the 'original 
quantity.  Two  or  three  quarts  of  this  can  be  given  twice  a 
day  with  other  foods  to  great  advantage.  It  is  very  nutritious 
and  almost  as  easily  digested  as  milk. 


DR.  KKSS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE.  49 

Impaction  of  the  Rumen. 

This  disease  results  from  the  animal  eating  too  large  a  quan- 
tity of  coarse,  bulky,  innutritious  food;  from  insufficient  supply 
of  water ;  woody  timothy  hay  or  straw  in  too  great  a  quantity. 

Treatment:  Give  the  animal  a  pound  of  Epsom  salts  with 
an  ounce  of  common  salt  dissolved  in  two  gallons  of  warm  water; 
add  a  pint  of  cane  molasses;  drench  slowly.  Gently  kneading 
the  paunch  with  the  closed  fist  will  break  down  the  mass  and 
aid  in  its  removal.  If  the  salts  do  not  have  the  desired  effect, 
that  is,  break  down  that  hard  mass  in  the  paunch  in  10  or  12 
hours,  the  dose  may  be  repeated;  if  still  unsuccessful,  rumi- 
natomy  or  cutting  into  the  paunch  and  removing  the  offending 
material  must  be  resorted  to.  This,  of  course,  can  only  be 
done  by  a  competent  veterinarian,  but  if  done  early  and  skill- 
fully is  quite  successful. 

Loss  of  Cud. 

This  is  not  a  disease,  but  is  a  symptom  of  derangement  of 
the  stomach.  It  shows  that  the  stomach  does  not  perform 
its  function  in  regurgitating  the  food  to  be  re-masticated. 

Treatment:  Give  only  a  limited  amount  of  easily  digested 
food,  such  as  bran,  oats,  carrots;  administer  bitter  tonics  such 
as  cinchona  bark,  quassia,  or  better,  give  a  continued  treat- 
ment of  Dr.  Hess  Stock  Food. 

Constipation. 

Constipation  results  from  the  same  causes  which  produce  im- 
paction of  the  rumen,  although  carried  to  a  somewhat  less  degree. 

Treatment:  Discontinue  the  use  of  large  quantities  of 
coarse,  innutritious  food ,  and  give  laxative  food,  with  a  supply 
of  roots,  such  as  carrots  and  beets,  with  well  salted  bran  mash 
or  scalded  oats.  Two  or  three  ounces  of  Epsom  salts  dissolved 
in  water  and  added  to  the  feed  of  grain  can  also  be  employed 
to  good  advantage.  Follow  with  bitter  tonics.  Dr.  Hess 
Stock  Food  is  an  excellent  laxauve  tonic. 

Diarrhoea. 

Diarrhoea  in  the  ox  may  be  caused  by  sudden  change  horn 
dry  feed  to  succulent,  tender  grasses;  or  eating  undue  quanti- 
ties of  fruits  or  vegetables,  such  as  apples,  potatoes,  turnips  or 
cabbage,  especially  if  acid  or  partially  decomposed;  from  drink- 
ing undue  quantities  of  cold,  stagnant  or  filthy  water;  from 
musty  grain  or  from  sudden  overfeeding  of  grain  of  any  kind. 

In  calves  it  may  be  the  result  of  taking  unaue  quantities  of 
milk,  especially  the  first  milk  of  the  dam,  which  is  extremely 


50  DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE. 

laxative;  or  the  calf  may  suffer  from  diarrhoea  when  the  feed 
of  the  mother  has  been  suddenly  changed  from  dry  food  to 
grass,  from  getting  too  great  a  quantity  of  milk  at  long  inter- 
vals or  giving  milk  that  is  excessively  sour  or  acid,  or  from 
giving  irritating,  indigestible  material. 

Treatment:  In  the  ox  or  cow,  seek  carefully  for  the  cause 
and  remove  it,  if  possible.  If  some  irritating  substance  has 
been  eaten,  a  dose  of  physic  should  be  given,  such  as  one  pint 
of  raw  flaxseed  oil,  to  remove  the  irritating  substance  from  the 
bowels.  After  this  give  alkalies  with  astringents,  such  as 
powdered  chalk  in  one-half  ounce  doses,  with  thirty  grains  of 
powdered  opium,  and  a  dram  of  powdered  catechu  can  be  given 
every  4  to  6  hours.  Demulcent  drinks  should  also  be  em- 
ployed, especially  if  there  is  considerable  irritation  of  the  mu- 
cous membranes  of  the  bowels,  as  shown  by  mucous  discharges. 
Half  pint  doses  of  lime  water  in  a  pint  of  water  every  four 
hours  is  also  good. 

For  diarrhoea  in  the  calf,  give  2  to  4  ounces  of  castor  oil, 
and  follow  with  dram  doses  of  bicarbonate  of  soda  with  one- 
half  ounce  doses  of  paregoric.  Diarrhoea  resulting  from  large 
quantities  of  sour  milk  can  be  best  treated  by  adding  two  drams 
of  bicarbonate  of  soda  to  each  feed  of  milk,  or  administering 
twenty  grains  of  subnitrate  of  bismuth  with  a  teaspoonful  of 
prepared  chalk  and  a  teaspoonful  of  powdered  charcoal.  Give 
every  4  to  6  hours.  -     „ 

Choke. 

Choke  is  the  lodgment  of  some  foreign  body  in  the  swallow* 

Treatment:     An   ^^  -awsi 
ounce  of  sulphuric  ether  —^^^^^K^_ 
in  a  pint  of  raw  linseed  ^^^^^^S^^u         J^     }^ 
oil  or  lard  will  sometimes     |H^^ym.  \*fyj*==*&&==***+ 
bringrelief.   Ifthedrench      ^gP^to^S' 

is  returned  through  the  Ordinary  Method  of  Passing  the  Probang.  (Slmonds.) 
mouth  or  nose,  the  foreign  body  still  remains.  The  next  thing 
is  to  remove  it  by  the  aid  of  a  probang.  A  piece  of  24 -inch 
rubber  tubing  6  or  7  feet  long,  well  oiled,  will  answer  the  pur- 
pose very  well.  The  animal  should  be  in  a  stall  and  the  head 
extended  straight  with  the  neck.  A  soft  board  two  inches  wide 
with  a  hole  bored  through  it  should  be  placed  on  its  edge  be- 
tween the  jaws.  The  tube  can  be  passed  through  the  hole  and 
down  the  swallow.  Care  must  be  taken  not  to  injure  the  soft 
parts.  When  the  object  is  reached,  push  it  down  gently  till  it 
reaches  the  stomach.  Oil  may  be  poured  through  the  hole  in 
the  tube  to  facilitate  its  passage  to  the  paunch.  Stiff,  rough, 
resisting  bodies,  as  a  whip,  should  not  be  used,  from  the  danger 
©f  penetrating  the  oesophagus  (swallow). 


DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE.  51 

Inflammation  of  the  Udder  or  Mammitis. 

This  is  a  condition  found  in  deep  milkers  after  calving.  It 
follows  over-congestion  of  the  mammae  or  milk  glands  from 
overfeeding  or  neglect  in  taking  the  milk.  It  also  may  be  a 
result  of  injury  to  the  udder,  or  follow  in  a  well-fed  animal 
when  turned  to  pasture. 

Treatment  :  The  treatment  should  be  directed  to  checking 
the  fever,  allaying  the  pain  and  reducing  the  gland  to  its  natural 
condition.  For  this  purpose  nothing  equals  Dr.  Hess  Distem- 
per, Fever  and  Cough  Remedy.  A  physic  of  Epsom  Salts,  a 
pound  dissolvedin  a  half  gallon  of  water,  should  be  given  without 
delay,  unless  the  bowels  be  loose.  Twenty  drop  doses  of  tincture 
of  aconite  with  a  half  ounce  of  sweet  spirits  of  nitre  and  one-half 
to  a  dram  of  fluid  extract  of  belladonna  may  be  given  every  four 
hours.  Give  between  these  doses  thirty  grains  of  iodide  of 
potash  in  half  pint  of  water.  Strong  food  should  be  withdrawn 
if  the  appetite  chance  to  be  fair.  The  cow  should  be  milked 
several  times  a  day  and  the  udder  bathed  with  warm  (not  hot) 
water.  Oil  the  inflamed  gland  with  camphor  and  lard,  or  lard 
in  which  jimson-weed  leaves  have  been  fried,  or  use  the  follow- 
ing: Vaseline,  three  ounces;  extract  of  belladonna,  two  drams; 
mix  and  apply  twice  a  day.  Continue  for  several  days.  Dis- 
continue aconite  and  iodide  of  potash  treatment  on  second  or 
third  day.  When  the  acute  symptoms  are  over,  give  Dr. 
Hess  Stock  Food  to  restore  her  lost  tone. 

Economy  does  not  consist  in  stinting  your  cows  in  their 
proper  food,  nor  in  "stuffing"  an  animal  that  is  out  of  condi- 
tion, but  first  improve  their  condition  with  Dr.  Hess  Stock  Food 
and  prepare  them  for  the  proper  assimilation  of  what  they  eat. 

Closing  of  the  Milk  Duct. 

The  milk  may  be  drawn  by  introducing  a  silver  tube  (milk 
siphon)  for  that  purpose.  The  tube  should  be.  removed  and 
cleansed  after  milking.  It  may  be  necessary  to  use  the  tube 
several  days  before  the  duct  will  remain  open.  A  solid  probe 
or  a  knitting  needle  should  never  be  used,  as  the  milk  cannot 
escape  when  it  is  in  position  and  the  canal  closes  as  soon  as  it 
is  withdrawn. 

Fistula  of  the  Teat. 

If  the  canal  is  the  result  of  a  cuti 
or  puncture  and  requires  immediate 
treatment,  a  teat  siphon  (self-retain-    '  Teat  Siphon, 

ing)  should  be  inserted  and  allowed  to  remain;  after  the  sides 
of  the  wound  are  trimmed  with  a  sharp  knife  and  washed  with 
a  two  per  cent,  solution  of  carbolic  acid,  the  edges  should  be 


§2  DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE. 

brought  together  and  stitched  with  a  fine  carboiized  violin  or 
guitar  string.  It  is  not  necessary  to  remove  the  stitches,  and  if 
done  well,  healing  will  be  very  rapid.  The  teat  siphon  may  be 
removed  in  a  day  or  two  and  only  replaced  at  milking  hour.  In 
treating  fistula  not  due  to  inj  ury ,  operate  when  the  cow  is '  'dry. '  * 

Ring:  Worm. 

Ring  worm  frequently  affects  cattle  about  the  eyes,  neck 
and  even  other  parts  of  the  body. 

Treatment  :  The  parasite  may  be  destroyed  by  a  thorough 
application  of  lard  and  sulphur,  oxide  of  zinc  ointment,  sul- 
phurous acid,  or  a  saturated  solution  of  hyposulphite  of  soda, 
or  still  better  25%  solution  of  Dr.  Hess  Dip  and  Disinfectant. 

Milk  Fever  or  Parturient  Apoplexy 

This  is  a  disease  peculiar  to  parturition  or  calving.  It  is 
not  a  fever,  as  is  generally  supposed;  the  rise  of  temperature 
to  ioi  or  20  F.  is  always  favorable. 

Symptoms:  The  cow  appears  a  little  weak  or  unsteady  in 
the  hind  quarters,  has  difficulty  in  rising,  forgets  her  calf,  the 
secretion  of  milk  is  suspended,  she  staggers  and  falls,  and  is 
unable  to  rise,  her  head  is  thrown  to  her  side  and  she  becomes 
unconscious.  Cows  most  subject  to  it  are  deep  milkers,  fat 
animals,  about  the  third  calf,  after  an  easy,  natural  birth. 

Treatment:  Nux  vomica  or  strychnine  has  given  us  best 
results.  Tincture  of  nux  vomica  in  from  2  to  4  dram  doses 
may  be  placed  on  the  tongue  every  two  hours.  If  twitching 
of  the  muscles  is  shown,  decrease  the  dose.  The  urine  should 
be  drawn  with  the  catheter.  The  rectum  should  be  emptied 
by  copious  injections  of  warm  water. 

A  physic  is  dangerous  to  administer  and  almost  useless,  as  the 
animal  will  have  died  or  recovered  before  a  physic  could  operate. 

The  iodide  of  potash  in  parturient  apoplexy  is  now  being 
employed  quite  successfully.  One  hundred  and  fifty  grains  of 
iodide  of  potash  should  be  dissolved  in  a  quart  of  boiled  water. 
Then  one- fourth  of  this  should  be  injected,  at  the  temperature 
of  the  blood  into  each  teat.  Bag  should  be  thoroughly  kneaded 
immediately  after  injection.  Injections  should  be  repeated  in 
twelve  hours  if  the  animal  has  not  improved.  Before  using 
injections,  the  udder  should  be  thoroughly  cleansed  with  car- 
bolized water  or  one  to  one-thousandth  solution  of  bichloride 
of  mercury.  All  the  milk  should  be  completely  drawn.  Un- 
der the  udder  should  be  placed  a  clean  sack  or  rubber  apron. 

The  instrument  used  for  this  purpose  consists  in  a  long 
rubber  tube,  7  or  8  feet  long,  armed  at  one  end  with  a  teat 
siphon.      In  the  other  end  should  be  placed  a  small  funneL 


DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE- 


53 


Then  the  teat  siphon  should  be  inserted,  and  the  funnel  raised 
and  the  liquid  poured  in,  slowly.  It  will  enter  the  udder  by 
gravitation.  The 
instrument  must  be 
thoroughly  cleans- 
ed before  using. 

If  the  tempera- 
ture rises  or  the 
rectum  fills  with 
fecal  matter,  it  is  a 
very  favorable  indi- 
cation. Prevention 
is  better  than  cure 
in  these  cases,  as 
the  disease  is  ex- 
tremely fatal.  Method  of  Injecting  Into  Teat. 
Light,  laxative  feed  for  two  weeks  before  calving  with  plenty 
of  exercise,  wards  off  attacks. 

Lump  Jaw. 

Lump  Jaw  is  the  name  applied  by  farmers  and  stockmen  to 
a  growth  of  a  hard  nature  frequently  situated  on  the  lower  jaw 
of  the  ox,  although  the  enlargement  may  appear  on  other  por- 
tions of  the  body.  The  disease  is  due  to  a  vegetable  para- 
site called  the  actino  mycoses,  which  may 
be  communicated  from  one  animal  to  an- 
other under  very  favorable  circumstances, 
although  it  is  not  considered  extremely 
contagious. 

Treatment:  The  iodide  of  potash 
treatment  suggested  in  our  former  issue 
has  been  found  to  be  very  successful.  The 
dose  administered  should  be  about  one- 
fourth  dram   to  each   hundred  pounds 

weight  of  the  animal  treated;  thus  the  proper  dose  for  an  animal 
weighing  eight  hundred  pounds  would  be  two  drams.  It  should 
be  given  once  a  day  in  a  pint  of  rain  water.  It  can  be  given  by 
dividing  two  ounces  of  powdered  iodide  of  potash  into  eight 
powders;  when  required  for  use  dissolve  one  of  these  powders  In 
a  pint  of  water,  and  drench.  Continue  this  treatment  for  one 
week,  discontinue  for  one  week  and  repeat  as  before  until  disease 
disappears.  The  effects  of  the  medicine  will  be  shown  by  dis- 
charge from  the  eyes  and  nose,  by  scurfy  formations  on  the 
skin,  the  appetite  may  become  somewhat  impaired  and  the 
bowels  constipated.  If  given  to  milk  cows  the  quantity  of  milk 
is  usually  decreased. 


Tumor  on  the  Lower  Jaw( 


54  DR.  AESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE. 

Good,  nutritious  food  should  be  supplied  at  all  times  during 
treatment.  During  the  second  administration  of  the  iodide 
the  dose  can  be  slightly  diminished,  after  the  animal  has  fully 
come  under  its  influences.  Give  Dr.  Hess  Stock  Food  to  sus- 
tain the  general  health  of  the  animal. 

Abortion  in  Cows, 

If  the  fetus  is  expelled  before  the  offspring  can  be  sustained 
by  food,  it  is  called  abortion.  If  after  this  period,  up  to  the 
full  time,  it  is  called  premature  delivery.  The  usual  period 
when  abortion  occurs  is  between  the  fourth  and  seventh 
months,  although  it  may  happen  at  any  time.  The  cause, 
when  not  of  an  epizootic  nature  may  be  attributed  to  unsan- 
itary conditions,  to  injuries,  -  badly  prepared  foods,  grains 
containing  ergot,  or  the  administration  of  a  sharp  cathartic, 
exposure  to  cold  and  especially  to  debility. 

If  isolated  cases  occur,  the  recurrence  of  the  accident  may 
be  prevented  by  supplying  the  animal  with  good,  nutritious 
food,  giving  good,  hygienic  surroundings,  and  keeping  the 
animal  free  from  excitement.  Bitter  tonics  with  laxatives, 
both  of  which  are  supplied  in  Dr.  Hess  Stock  Food,  are  also 
of  great  advantage.  Cows  suffering  from  debility  will  be 
greatly  benefited  by  this  food. 

Malignant  Catarrh. 

This  disease  is  characterized  by  acute  inflammation  of  the 
mucous  membrane  of  the  nose  and  often  of  the  larynx  and 
pharynx.  It  is  found  in  low,  wet  grounds,  especially  during 
wet  weather  and  cold  nights. 

Symptoms:  The  animal  may  have 
6light  diarrhoea  followed  by  costive- 
ness;  the  hair  is  rough,  the  animal 
will  appear  cold,  and  shiver;  the  eyes 
are  red  and  sunken  and  frequently  a 
discharge  appears,  with  dry  muzzle, 
hot  mouth,  driveling  of  saliva,  the 
breathing  becomes  hurried  and  is  ac-  . 
companied  with  cough.  Ma!,snant  Catarrh*   F,r,t  Sta«* 

After  twenty-four  hours,  there  is  a  discharge  from  the  nose, 
the  mouth  is  covered  with  blisters,  from  which  the  skin  peels 
rapidly,  and  the  appetite  is  lost. 

From  the  fourth  to  the  sixth  day,  ulcers  appear  on  the  nose, 
the  diarrhoea  becomes  aggravated,  and  the  breath  is  very  fetid. 

Treatment  :  Disinfect  with  Dr.  Hess  Dip  and  Disin- 
fectant. Give  a  pint  of  raw  flaxseed  oil  with  an  ounce  of 
laudanum.     Follow  with   ounce  doses  each  of  sweet  spirits 


DR.  BLESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE.  55 

of  nitre  and  liquor  subacetate  of  ammonia  in  a  pint  of  water 
three  times  a  day.  A  mouth  wash  should  also  be  used  twice  a 
day,  composed  of  an  ounce  of  chlorate  of  potash  with  an  ounce 
of  powdered  golden  seal  in  a  pint  of  water.  Sufficient  should 
be  applied  to  thoroughly  moisten  the  diseased  parts.  Steaming 
of  the  nostrils  also  brings  relief. ,  This  can  be  done  by  scalding  a 
gallon  of  oats  and  adding  a  teaspoonful  of  carbolic  acid;  put  in  a 
sack  and  place  the  nose  therein,  so  that  the  steam  will  be  inhaled. 
Good,  nutritious  food  should  be  given,  such  as  oats  and 
corn  chopped,  with  bran,  roots  and  carrots. 

Epizootic  Abortion  in  Cows. 

As  this  word  indicates,  a  great  many  cows  in  some  districts 
become  affected.  The  disease  becomes  contagious,  and  is  due 
to  minute  microscopic  bacilli  which  are  found  in  great  numbers 
in  the  discharges  following  abortion.  Some  writers  also  at- 
tribute the  disease  in  part  to  sympathy  or  excitement. 

Treatment:  If  this  disease  becomes  epizootic  or  inzootic, 
sows  and  calves  should  be  removed  as  soon  as  possible  from 
those  affected.  They 'should  be  kept  quiet  and  disinfectants 
tised  thoroughly  and  frequently.  For  this  purpose  a  pound  of 
crude  carbolic  acid  in  two  or  three  gallons  of  water  should  be 
sprinkled  thoroughly  about  the  cow  shed.  All  discharges  should 
be  burned  or  deeply  buried,  and  the  stall  should  be  covered 
with  air  slaked  lime.  The  shed  should  not  again  be  used  for 
cows  until  it  has  been  thoroughly  disinfected  and  whitewashed. 
Dr.  Hess  Dip  and  Disinfectant  is  a  cheap  and  a  very  effective 
disinfectant. 

Sore  Throat. 

Sore  throat  results  from  inflammation  of  the  mucous  mem- 
brane of  the  larynx  and  pharynx. 

It  may  be  simple  inflammation  due  to  exposure,  or  to  sud- 
den changes  in  the  tempeiature,  or  sudden  cooling  off  after  a 
drive;  or  it  may  be  a  symptom  in  certain  specific  diseases,  such 
as  diphtheria,  influenza,  strangles  or  distemper.  It  is  charac- 
terized by  difficult  swallowing,  the  ox  will  evince  pain  and  will ! 
protrude  the  nose.  If  the  larynx  is  affected,  the  breathing 
will  be  difficult,  even  rasping  or  roaring. 

Treatment:  Give  the  animal  good  surroundings,  place  in 
a  well  ventilated,  dry  stable,  and  protect  from  draughts  of  cold 
air.  Steaming  the  nostrils  the  same  as  for  catarrh  often  brings 
relief.  A  laxative  dose  of  Epsom  salts  should  be  given,  4  to 
8  ounces.  Dram  doses  of  muriate  of  ammonia  with  dram  doses 
of  powdered  golden  seal  should  be  given,  shaken  up  with  one- 
half  pint  of  water.     Counter-irritants  should  also  be  applied  to 


$6  DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE. 

the  throat;  equal  parts  of  lime  water,  linseed  oil  and  turpen- 
tine, is  an  excellent  ointment  for  this  purpose.  If  the  breathing 
becomes  very  difficult  and  there  is  danger  of  suffocation,  the 
windpipe  should  be  opened  and  a  tube  inserted. 

Pneumonia  or  Inflammation  of  the  Lungs. 

This  disease  in  the  ox  is  shown  by  sudden  chills,  staring 
coat,  there  may  be  discharge  from  the  eyes,  increased  respira- 
tions. The  temperature  rises  to  104  or  5°  F.,  the  pulse  too 
becomes  more  frequent,  the  appetite  is  impaired  or  entirely 
absent,  there  is  marked  thirst,  the  ear  placed  to  the  sides  showt 
the  absence  of  the  normal  murmur  and  tapping  with  the  fin- 
gers emits  a  dull  sound,  and  the  animal  will  lie  down  a  great 
part  of  the  time. 

Treatment:  Give  the  animal  good  surroundings  and 
clothing  to  make  comfortable,  supply  with  plenty  of  fresh  air, 
avoid  draughts;  give  two  ounces  of  spirits  of  mindererus  with 
one-half  ounce  of  sweet  spirits  of  nitre  every  four  hours;  en- 
courage the  animal  to  eat  by  giving  tempting  food;  if  appetite 
is  greatly  impaired,  give  two  dram  doses  of  tincture  of  nux 
vomica  three  times  a  day.     When  the  animal  begins  to  im- 

Srove,  administer  tonics  with  good  nutritious  food.     Dr.  Hess 
(istemper,  Fever  and  Cough  Remedy  will  be  found  very  bene= 
ficial  in  these  cases. 

Hoose. 

This  is  a  parasitic  disease  affecting  calves  and  foals.  It 
produces  inflammation  of  the  bronchi.  There  is  a  cough  with 
difiicult  breathing  and  other  signs  of  bronchitis.  The  coat  be- 
comes rough  and  the  animal  is  much  reduced  in  flesh.  If  the 
matter  coughed  up  is  closely  examined,  it  will  be  found  to  con- 
tain numerous  worms,  either  singly  or  rolled  up  into  a  mass. 

Treatment:  If  pastures  are  known  to  be  affected  with  the 
parasite,  calves  and  foals  should  not  be  permitted  to  graze  over 
them.  The  lands  should  be  plowed  up  and  cultivated  in  the 
hope  of  destroying  the  parasite,  and  the  lands  should  be  thor- 
oughly drained.  Those  diseased  should  be  kept  away  from 
the  healthy  ones.  The  carcasses  of  those  that  have  died 
should  be  deeply  buried  or  better,  burned. 

Animals  affected  with  parasitic  bronchitis  or  hoose  should 
be  liberally  fed  with  good,  nutritious  food,  such  as  flaxseed 
cake,  roots,  corn  and  oats,  with  good,  clean  hay;  or  hay  tea 
can  be  supplied  to  great  advantage  (see  page  48).  The  animal 
should  be  made  to  inhale  sulphur  fumes  for  one-half  hour  at  a 
time  and  for  several  days  in  succession.  Dr.  Hess  Colic  Rem- 
edy gives  splendid  results  in  these  cases.  The  gasoline  treat- 
ment, recommended  for  stomach  worms  in  sheep,  is  also  worthy  of 


DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE.  57 

a  trial.     Rock  salt  should  be  kept  before  the  animal  at  all  times. 

Rheumatism. 

This  is  a  disease  which  is  quite  common  in  the  ox,  and  is 
frequently  found  in  those  exposed  to  damp,  cold  air  or  housed 
in  illy  ventilated,  damp  stables,  or  compelled  to  graze  and  sleep 
on  low  lands  where  the  grounds  are  damp  and  the  vegetation 
innutritious. 

Symptoms:  The  disease  is  shown  by  swelling  of  the  joints, 
possibly  both  knees  or  both  hocks,  with  stiffness;  the  joints 
are  tender  and  hot,  the  animal  will  lie  down  a  great  deal  and 
can  rise  with  difficulty. 

Treatment:  Give  good  surroundings,  especially  where  it 
is  dry  and  warm.  Give  a  laxative  of  8  to  16  ounces  of  Epsom 
salts  in  a  gallon  of  warm  water.  Follow  this  with  one-half 
ounce  doses  of  nitrate  of  potash  twice  a  day,  given  in  the 
drinking  water  or  dissolved  in  water  and  added  to  the  feed. 
One  to  two  dram  doses  of  powdered  colchicum  seed  is  also 
highly  recommended. 

Anaemia. 

Anaemia  in  the  ox  is  so  common  that  it  should  not  be  over- 
looked. The  general  characteristics  and  causes  of  anaemia  are 
given  previously  in  this  book,  page  27 ,  under  the  chapter  given 
to  diseases  of  the  horse.  The  disease,  causes,  symptoms  and 
treatment  are  the  same,  which  see. 

Paralysis,  Following  Parturition. 

After  calving  and  occasionally  before  this  period,  cows  are 
often  found  to  have  partial  or  complete  loss  of  power  of  the 
hind  legs,  the  limbs  are  weak  and  are  moved  with  difficulty,  or 
the  animal  will  lie  prostrate,  unable  to  rise.  The  difficulty  is 
due  to  atony  of  the  nerves,  and  should  not  be  confused  with 
parturient  apoplexy.     ; 

Treatment:  Give  good,  nutritious  food,  with  two  dram 
doses  of  tincture  of  nux  vomica  three  times  a  day,  rub  the  legs 
briskly,  and  apply  compound  soap  liniment.  A  liniment  com- 
posed of  equal  parts  aqua  ammonia,  turpentine  and  linseed  oil  is 
excellent.  Apply  to  spine  and  rub  briskly.  A  quart  of  raw 
oil  is  useful  if  cow  is  constipated. 

Retention  of  the  Placenta  or  Afterbirth. 

In  a  general  way  in  the  ordinary  cases  of  retention,  a  dose 
of  cathartic  medicine  will  often  cause  its  expulsion;  add  eight 
ounces  of  Epsom  salts,  one  ounce  of  aromatic  spirits  of  ammo- 
nia and  an  ounce  of  powdered  ginger  to  a  pint  of  water  and 
give  at  once. 


58  DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE. 

If  this  with  gentle  traction  does  not  have  the  desired  effect, 
it  should  be  removed  by  a  competent  veterinarian,  and  the 
parts  should  then  be  thoroughly  washed  out  with  a  gallon  of 
warm  water  to  which  has  been  added  one-half  ounce  of  carbolic 
acid.  Care  should  be  taken  that  all  the  membranes  be  re- 
moved; if  retained,  there  will  be  a  slow  form  of  blood  poison, 
which  can  only  be  overcome  by  frequent  injections  of  warm 
water  containing  one  per  cent,  carbolic  acid. 

Foot  and  Mouth  Disease. 

This  is  a  contagious  disease  characterized  by  irritation  of 
the  feet  and  blisters  forming  about  the  mouth,  udder,  teats  or 
other  portions  where  the  skin 
is  soft  and  tender.  It  can  be 
communicated  by  contagion.  It 
is  found  in  all  cloven  footed 
animals,  and  can  even  be  com- 
municated to  man. 

Symptoms:    Roughness  of 

the  coat,     shivering,   increased  Lower  Jaw  of  Cow  In  Rinderpest, 

temperature,  soreness  between  the  claws  with  lameness,  incli= 
nation  to  lie  down;  after  several  days  blisters  arise,  covering  the 
whole  interior  portion  of  the  mouth,  the  teeth  and  digits  be- 
come loose,  saliva  drips  from  the  mouth.  Swine  champ  their 
jaws,  and  sheep  may  often  lose  their  hoofs. 

Treatment:  Give  a  laxative  of  Epsom  salts,  to  the  ox,  a 
pound;  use  astringents,  and  mouth  washes,  such  as  borax  or 
boracic  acid  or  tannic  acid,  an  ounce  of  the  former  with  two 
drams  of  the  latter  in  a  quart  of  water.  But  better  still  wash 
the  diseased  parts  and  disinfect  thoroughly  with  Dr.  Hess  Dip 
and  Disinfectant.  Apply  in  the  mouth,  also  to  other  portions 
of  the  body  which  are  diseased.  Dirt  should  be  removed  from 
the  claws,  and  the  application  of  an  ounce  of  oil  of  vitriol  and 
four  ounces  of  water  should  be  made  with  a  feather. 

Casting  the  Withers. 

This  accident  usually  occurs  in  cows  that  are  overfed  on 
bulky,  innutritious  food,  in  which  case  the  tissues  of  the  body 
become  loose  and  flabby,  or  by  compelling  the  animal  to  stand 
in  a  stall  which  slants  much  backward. 

Treatment:  Limit  the  amount  of  coarse  food,  give  more 
concentrated  food,  incline  the  floor  of  the  stall  forward,  wash 
the  protruded  parts  clean,  and  apply  a  lotion  made  by  dissolv- 
ing one-half  ounce  of  powdered  alum  with  an  ounce  of  lauda- 
num in  a  pint  of  water.  A  truss  can  also  be  applied  in  some 
cases  to  advantage.  0         ~ 

*  Cow  Pox, 

This  is  a  self-limited,  irritative  disease  which  usually  at- 


DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE.  59 

tacks  the  udder  and  teats.  The  udder  becomes  heated  and 
tender,  there  is  slight  elevation  of  the  tem- 
perature, with  red  nodules,  about  the  size 
of  a  pea,  which  about  the  sixth  or  tenth 
day  form  vesicles.  The  vesicles  soon  be- 
come yellow  in  color  and  contain  pus,  the 
whole  mass  dries  up,  leaving  a  hard  crust  or 
scab.  After  the  blisters  are  ruptured,  raw 
sores  form,  often  proving  difficult  to  heal. 
Treatment  is  seldom  necessary.  A  mild 
laxative  of  Epsom  salts  should  be  given. 
The  vesicles  or  pustules  should  not  be  rupt- 
ured, and  in  milk  cows  the  teat  siphon  Cow  Pox-Varida  Vaccina. 
should  be  used.  If  ruptures  form,  apply  twice  a  day  oxide 
of  zinc  ointment  to  each  ounce  of  which  has  been  added 
a  dram  of  oil  of  tar;  or  an  ointment  made  from  rubbing  up 
one-half  dram  of  boracic  acid  and  ten  grains  of  tannic  acid  in 
one-half  ounce  of  vaseline  should  be  applied  twice  a  day. 

Bloody  Milk. 

Bloody  milk  is  caused  by  rupture  of  minute  vessels  in  the 
udder  or  mammary  gland,  due  to  irritation  or  inflammation. 
See  treatment  for  Mammitis.  The  same  treatment  in  these 
cases  brings  good  results. 

Warbles, 

Warbles  are  nodules  or  lumps  which  form  along  the  back 
of  the  ox.     They  contain  the  larvae  of  the  gad  fly. 

They  can  be  removed  by  seizing  the  skin  well  under  them 
and  squeezing  them  out  through  the  orifice,  or  they  can  be 
broken  down  by  the  introduction  of  a  needle.  A  few  drops  of 
gasoline  dropped  into  the  orifice  with  a  dropper  will  kill  the 
parasite.     They  should  be  squeezed  out  after  two  days. 

Epizootic  Ophthalmia. 

This  disease  frequently  attacks  several  herds  of  cattle  or 
flocks  of  sheep  in  certain  localities  in  any  season  without  any 
apparent  cause. 

The  symptoms  are  those  of  severe  inflammation  of  the  eye 
with  fever.  The  eye  becomes  cloudy,  there  is  an  exudation 
within  the  cornea,  and  even  ulcers  may  form  on  the  surface  of 
the  eye  and  sometimes  extend  through,  allowing  the  humors 
of  the  eye  to  escape. 

Treatment:  Separate  the  sound  from  the  diseased  ani- 
mals, and  also  from  the  buildings  or  districts  that  diseased 
animals  have  previously  occupied.  Give  those  affected  a  full 
dose  of  salts,  a  pound  to  a  pound  and  a  half,  followed  by  two 


60  DR.  HESS'  SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE. 

ounces  of  sweet  spirits  of  nitre  twice  a  day  in  a  pint  of  water. 
Place  animal  where  it  is  dark,  keep  quiet,  dissolve  two  drams 
of  boracic  acid  in  four  ounces  of  warm  water,  add  ten  grains 
of  morphine,  and  use  this  as  an  eyewash  twice  a  day.  Sheep 
also  become  so  affected,  and  should  have  the  same  treatment. 

Foul  in  the  Feet. 

This  is  a  disease  of  cattle,  an'd  may  assume  almost  any  de- 
gree of  severity  from  a  simple  crack  or  abrasion  between  the 
slaws  to  suppuration,  separation  of  the  horn  from  the  foot  or 
to  decay  of  the  bone. 

Treatment:  If  the  case  is  simple  and  unattended  with 
pus  under  the  hoof  or  horn,  the  dirt  should  be  removed  and 
Dr.  Hess  Healing  Powder  applied.  If  matter  has  formed,  the 
hoof  should  be  removed  sufficiently  to  allow  its  escape  and  a 
poultice  should  be  applied.  After  the  poultice  is  removed, 
apply  the  Healing  Powder  to  the  diseased  parts.  The  foot 
should  be  kept  clean,  the  bowels  active,  and  the  general  health 
looked  after.  Bitter  tonics  are  very  useful,  such  as  drajn  doses 
of  nux  vomica  and  a  half  ounce  of  gentian  given  twioe  a  day. 
Dr.  Hess  Dip  &  Disinfectant  is  a  perfect  antiseptic  for  dress- 
ing and  curing  all  such  ailments. 

To  Prevent  Kicking. 

Tie  a  rope  around  the  cow  just  in  front  of  the  udder.  Have 
the  rope  fit  snugly,  but  do  not  draw  too  tight. 

To  Cast  a  Cow. 

If  it  should  be  desired  to  throw  a  cow  or  ox,  it  may  be  done 
without  danger  or  injury  by  taking  a  long  rope  and  making  a 
loop  (not  a  slip  noose) 
and  placing  it  around  the 
neck.  Pass  it  backward 
and  make  a  turn  once 
around  the  body  just  back 
of  the  front  legs.  (See 
cut).  Pass  the  end  under 
the  rope  as  it  comes  from 
the  neck;  pass  the  rope 
back  to  near  the  middle  of  Ruefrs  Method  of  Throwln*  an  0x' 

the  back  and  make  another  turn  round  the  body.  Make  another 
turn  just  in  front  of  the  hind  legs;  carry  the  end  of  the-rope  back 
behind  the  cow  and  pull  steadily,  and  the  animal  will  lie  down. 

Anthrax,  Quarter  111  or  Black  Leg. 

This  is  a  disease  which  frequently  affects  young  cattle.  It 
often  kills  suddenly,  but  there  is  generally  some  external  indi- 


DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE.  61 

cation  of  the  disease.  The  animals  affected  are  frequently 
those  which  are  taking  on  flesh  rapidly  and  are  looking  well, 
but  this  alone  does  not  produce  anthrax,  as  some  stock  raisers 
suppose.  The  presence  of  the  germ  of  anthrax  is  necessary 
to  the  development  of  this  disease.  The  causes  are  the  same 
as  those  which  produce  it  in  the  horse.     See  page  31. 

Symptoms:  The  animal  becomes  listless,  the  eyes  are  de- 
pressed and  much  reddened,  the  ears  lop,  there  is  some  tender- 
ness about  the  loins  and  ribs,  the  pulse  is  irregular  and  there 
is  an  increased  number  of  beats,  the  mouth  is  hot  and  dry;  in 
the  course  of  a  day  or  even  of  a  few  hours  enlargements  may 
appear  on  the  loins,  back,  brisket,  head  or  other  parts  of  the 
body;  the  animal  becomes  lame  and  moves  with  difficulty,  lies 
down  frequently  and  is  unwilling  to  rise;  there  is  considerable 
torpidity  of  the  bowels  with  entire  loss  of  appetite;  the  animal 
fails  to  chew  the  cud,  and  the  swellings  when  pressed  upon 
emit  a  crepitant  or  creaking  sound  showing  the  presence  of  gas 
beneath  the  skin.  There  may  be  convulsions,  the  animal  be- 
comes unconscious,  the  eyes  fixed,  and  the  animal  frequently 
dies  without  a  struggle.  The  disease  may  also  assume  a  some- 
what more  chronic  form,  the  animal  will  lose  flesh  and  become 
hide  bound,  there  is  stiffness  of  the  joints  and  slight  elevation 
of  temperature,  irregularities  of  the  bowels,  hot  skin  and 
staring  coat,  and  if  no  treatment  is  given  and  the  diet  is  not 
changed  the  disease  may  assume  a  more  acute  form  and  death 
follow  in  a  short  time. 

Treatment:  Ascertain,  if  possible,  the  source  of  infection 
or  cause  of  disease  and  remove  it.  It  is  always  safe  to  change 
the  feed  in  these  cases.  If  pastured  on  low  lands  they  should 
be  removed  to  high  grounds;  if  given  hay  or  fodder  from  in- 
fected districts  change  to  upland  hay. 

Carbolic  acid  has  been  used  with  success;  it  should  be  given 
in  one-half  dram  to  dram  doses  for  adults;  calves  take  from  5  to 
20  drops,  well  diluted  in  water  to  avoid  its  irritating  effects.  It 
should  be  given  three  times  a  day.  Sulphite  or  hyposulphite  of 
soda  also  has  good  effects,  and  is  highly  recommended.  It  should 
be  given  in  4  to  6  dram  doses  every  four  hours.  It  can  be  given 
in  connection  with  carbolic  acid  in  solution,  well  diluted. 

Inoculation  with  the  attenuated  virus  of  anthrax  has  been 
successful  in  preventing  this  disease.  It  is  largely  practiced 
in  some  districts,  but  should  be  done  under  the  supervision  of 
a  competent  veterinarian  only. 

Tuberculosis. 

Tuberculosis  is  a  disease  which  is  characterized  by  the  de- 
posit of  tuberpules  in  the  different  tissues  of  the  body.     The 


62  DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE. 

tubercules  are  generally  composed  of  a  cheesy  substance;  they 
may  be  very  minute  or  attain  considerable  size.  They  may 
also  be  found  in  almost  any  tissue  of  the  body,  such  as  the 
lungs,  lymphatic  glands,  intes- 
tines, muscles,  liver,  pancreas, 
kidneys,  mammary  gland,  and 
other  tissues. 

v  Causes:  The  causes  of  tuber- 
culosis can  frequently  be  traced  to  low  hy- 
gienic surroundings,  such  as  damp,  illy  venti- 
lated stables,  overcrowding,  inbreeding  and 
from  inoculation,  or  even  from  inspired  air 
containing  the  bacilli  of  tuberculosis.    It  can      Suffer,nS from  Tuberculosis, 
be  transmitted  from  the  parents  to  the  offspring.     The  disease 
affects  almost  all  domestic  animals,  as  well  as  man. 

Symptoms:  Tuberculosis  is  usually  not  rapidly  fatal.  The 
disease  may  be  present  for  months  without  any  appreciable 
symptoms.  Animals  that  were  in  prime  condition  when 
slaughtered  have  been  found  to  contain  tubercules.  *  The  ani- 
mal may  show  some  loss  of  condition,  with  roughness  of  the 
hair,  tenderness  upon  pressure  upon  the  back  and  loins;  there 
may  be  present  an  occasional  cough,  especially  in  animals 
cha^r-d  from  a  warm  stable  to  a  cold  atmosphere,  the  appetite 
ma>  remain  good.  If  a  cow,  the  secretion  of  milk  is  sometimes 
diminished,  becomes  bluish  in  tint  and  contains  less  fat.  The 
udder  may  also  show  signs  of  disease  by  presenting  hard 
nodules  under  the  skin,  the  temperature  may  remain  normal; 
if  the  bowels  are  affected  there  may  be  diarrhoea  alternating 
with  constipation.  If  the  lungs  are  affected  for  the  greater 
part  the  cough  will  be  more  marked,  pressure  upon  the  sides 
of  the  chest  will  give  the  animal  pain.  As  the  disease  pro- 
gresses these  symptoms  become  more  marked,  the  animal  be- 
comes poor  and  emaciated,  the  movements  very  sluggish,  the 
eyes  look  dull,  the  skin  is  dry  and  covers  the  ribs  closely. 
Slight  exercise  produces  laborious  breathing  and  exhaustion, 
the  mucous  membranes  of  the  mouth  are  pale  and  yellow,  the 
appetite  is  impaired,  the  organs  of  digestion  are  weakened,  and 
flatulence  or  bloating  is  frequently  seen.  Cows  frequently 
abort,  the  milk  becomes  diminished  in  quantity,  the  cough  be- 
comes more  persistent,  the  discharges  from  the  nose  are  viscid, 
and  the  breathing  is  quick  and  interrupted.  Later  on  the 
cough  becomes  very  distressing,  the  back  is  arched,  the  head 
is  allowed  to  protrude,  the  mouth  is  partially  open  and  the 
tongue  pendulous,  especially  if  the  lungs  are  the  principal  seat 
of  disease.  The  horns  and  ears  become  cold,  the  breathing 
may  be  accompanied  by  moaning,   the  animal  suffers  from 


DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE.  63 

diarrhoea,  the  paunch  often  becomes  distended  with  gas,  pres- 
sure on  the  sides  or  tapping  the  chest  causes  pain.  Dropsy  of 
the  abdomen  frequently  supervenes,  ulceration  or  breaking 
down  of  the  tubercules  may  occur,  especially  of  those  in  the 
udder  and  lymphatic  glands,  forming  unhealthy  ulcers. 

A  diagnostic  point  of  great  value  now  is  the  hypodermic 
injection  of  tuberculin.  If  tuberculosis  is  present,  there  is 
always  a  rise  of  temperature  3,  4  or  even  50,  the  animal  shows 
uneasiness  with  increased  breathing.  If  the  animal  has  not 
tuberculosis  the  injection  of  the  tuberculin  does  not  cause  any 
or  at  most  very  slight  disturbance.  Before  such  test  is  made, 
it  is  necessary  to  take  the  temperature  at  least  twice  during 
the  twenty-four  hours  prior  to  the  use  of  the  drug.  The  use  of 
tuberculin  in  the  diagnosis  of  tuberculosis  is  of  great  value, 
but  should  be  used  only  by  a  competent  veterinarian. 

Treatment:  The  chances  of  success  in  treating  a  case  of 
well  established  tuberculosis  are  not  sufficient  to  warrant  a  line 
of  treatment.  The  danger  of  communicating  the  disease  is 
increased  by  harboring  such  animals,  and  if  a  positive  diagnosis 
of  tuberculosis  has  been  made  the  sooner  the  animal  is  slaugh- 
tered the  better  it  will  be  for  the  other  members  of  the  herd. 
There  are  a  great  many  animals,  however,  affected  with  tuber- 
culosis in  a  very  slight  form  whose  milk  and  flesh  are  used  with 
impunity.  Just  at  what  point  the  disease  may  be  considered 
dangerous  has  not  been  fully  determined,  but  if  any  local  mani- 
festations of  tuberculosis  are  present  (such  as  the  enlargement 
of  the  lymphatic  gland,  nodular  formations  in  the  udder,  with 
cough  and  general  loss  of  condition),  the  milk  and  flesh  of  the 
animal  should  be  rejected. 

General  disinfecting  with  a  solution  of  Dr.  Hess  Dip  and 
Disinfectant  should  be  done  around  the  premises  whether  dis- 
ease is  present  or  not.  It  kills  the  germs  and  deodorizes  barns, 
chicken  yards,  cow  stables,  sink  drains,  etc. 


\3L-1 


DR.  HESS  STOCK  FOOD 

IS      THE     SCIENTIFIC 
COMPOUND   FOR  CATTLE 


IT   increases   the  appetite,  aids  assimilation,  gently  stimu= 
lates  the  kidneys,  regulates  the  bowels,  increases  the  secre- 
tion of  the  liver,  prevents  flatulence  and  loss  of  cud. 

DR.  HESS  STOCK   FOOD 

is  particularly  profitable  for  the  cattle  raiser. 

Every  dollar  put  into  this  food  will  come  back  and  bring  a 
;  3,/ger  profit  with  it  than  any  other  dollar  the  cattle  raiser 
can  spend. 

yhis  food  makes  the  other  foods — the  hay  and  the  grain 
and  the  grass  and  the  fodder — digest  properly  and  yield  the 
greatest  quantity  of  milk  and  flesh. 

It  increases  the  appetite  but  it  does  not  follow  that  by  feed- 
ing this  food  the  animal  requires  more  grain  to  sustain  life. 

The  fact  that  the  appetite  is  increased  is  evidence  that  the 
food    has  been   properly  appropriated  and  assimilated,    and 

opens    the    gate-way    for    heavier 
feeding  at  a  greater  profit. 

We  ask  you  to  make  a  practical 
test   of 

DR.  HESS  STOCK  FOOD 

It  will  verify  our  claims. 

This  food  is  splendid  to  whet 
up  the  appetite,  which  frequently 
becomes  impaired  when  finishing 
cattle  for  market.  It  keeps  them 
right  up  on  their  appetite  to  the 
very  last  day. 

It  produces  the  sleek,  glossy 
coat,  that  finishing  touch  that  com- 
mands  the  fancy  price. 

64 


The  rule  of  early  de- 
velopment applies  to  cat- 
tle as  well  as  to    other 
stock    fed    for    market. 
Tests  show  that  it  costs 
less  to  put  100  pounds 
upon  a  calf  than  on  a 
yearling,  less  to  put  100 
pounds  upon  a  yearling  than  on 
two-year-old,    less  to    put    100 
pounds  upon  a  two-year-old  than 
on  a  three-year-old,  etc.    It  costs  less  to  put 
100  pounds  upon  a  thriving  animal  of  any 
age  than  an  unthrifty  one.     It  takes  from 
thirty  to  sixty  days  to  get  an  unthrifty 
animal  to  thrive.     The  greatest  profit  re- 
sults then  from  early  development  and  a 
constant  thriving  condition.     If  cattle  of 
any  age  are  allowed  to  decline  in  weight, 
the  food  consumed  in  producing  the  first 
point  of  greatest  weight  and  also  that  re- 
quired to  bring  them  up  to  the  former 
standard  is  lost.     There  is  scarcely  three 
months  during  the  life  of  a  mature  beef  that 
grain  and  Dr.  Hess  Stock  Food  can- 
not be  fed  at  a  decided  profit. 

FOR   CALVES 
Dr.  Hess  Stock  Food  prevents  indigestion,  flatulence,  fer- 
mentation, aids  assimilation  and  produces  a  rapid,   healthy 
growth.  U 

J.  H.  Finley,  Bainbridge,  Pa.,  says:  "We  have  used  Dr.  Hess  Stock  Food  for  two 
years  with  great  satisfaction.  It  improves  stock  more  than  any  food  I  have  ever 
used,  and  I  have  used  different  kinds  for  at  least  twenty-five  years.  I  consider  it  the 
best  stock  food  made."  _________ 

C.  E.  Varney.  Pharmacist,  Dover,  N.  H.,  says:  «  We  find  our  customers  are 
duplicating  their  orders  now,  which  shows  they  appreciate  Dr.  Hess  Stock  Food." 

J.  C.  Etters,  Oak  Hall,  Pa.,  says:  "We  have  used  Dr.  Hess  Stock  Food  and  can 
recommend  it.  It  pays  for  itself  many  times  in  saving  feed.  It  is  the  best  stock  food 
we  ever  used."  - 

Fred  Favier,  I^oose  Creek,  Mo.,  says:  "I  am  well  satisfied  with  Dr.  Hess  Stock 
Food.  I  have  fed  it  to  cattle  and  hogs  and  all  improved  from  the  day  I  started  to 
feed  it." 

65 


DR.  HESS  STOCK  FOOD 

IS  A   GUARANTEED    MILK  PRODUCER 


Vyou  have  just  one  cow,  weigh 
or  measure  the  milk  for  ten 
days,  then  for  ten  days  con- 
tinue the  same  ration  and  add  DR. 
HESS  STOCK  FOOD  as  directed; 
if  you  don't  have  a  notable  increase, 
sufficient    to    pay    for    the 
STOCK  FOOD  many  times 
over,  your  money  will  be  re- 
funded* 

Or,  if  you  have  a  herd,  feed 
DR.  HESS  STOCK  FOOD 
to  every  other  cow  down  the 
line  as  you    have  them 
stationed;  otherwise  give 
to  all  cows    exactly  the 
same  feed,  continue  this 
system    of    feeding    two 
weeks,  measure  or  weigh 
the  milk  of  those  get- 
ting   the   STOCK 
FOOD,  and  those 
that  don't. 

These  tests  will 
show  that  a  greater 
quantity  of  milk  is 
produced  from  the 
same  ration  when 
DR.  HESS  STOCK 
FOOD  is  fed. 

It  simply  makes  the 
grain  and  other  foods 
digest  properly,  allow- 
ing nothing  to  pass 
off  as  waste* 


66 


r  T 

How  to 
Keep  Them 

©HOGS© 

How  to 
Treat  Them 

In  the  introduction  it  has  been  described  how  Dr.  Hess 
Stock  Food  may  be  used,  in  connection  with  Dr.  Hess  Dip  and 
Disinfectant  to  advantage  in  warding  off  hog  cholera. 

Aside  from  this  and  simply  for  fattening  a  hog  in  the  best 
manner  and  the  quickest,  with  a  less  amount  of  food,  Dr.  Hess 
Stock  Food  will  save  many  times  its  cost. 

It  is  not  simply  a  food — it  is  also  a  tonic. 

No  farmer  should  overlook  the  advantages  in  actual  money- 
saving  profit  which  will  come  to  him  from  using  Dr.  Hesft 
Stock  Food  regularly  and  as  prescribed. 

Indigestion. 

Indigestion  in  pigs  results  from  faulty  feeding.  The  food 
may  be  poor  in  quality,  given  at  irregular  intervals,  or  in  too 
great  quantity.  To  withhold  the  food  for  a  long  time  and  then 
allow  it  in  over  amount  is  one  of  the  most  fruitful  sources  of 
digestive  disorders.  Large  quantities  of  salt  and  ashes  fed  to 
hogs  often  causes  marked  derangement  of  digestion. 

Symptoms:  Loss  of  appetite  and  refusal  of  all  kinds  of  food. 
Sometimes  they  will  squeal  for  food  and  rear  upon  the  fence  or 
pen,  but  will  not  eat  when  food  is  placed  within  reach.  The 
bowels  may  become  constipated,  or  the  evacuations  may  be 
thin.  The  animal  seems  to  seek  unnatural  food  and  will  eat 
stones,  dirt,  old  plaster,  rotten  wood,  in  preference  to  corn. 

Treatment:  The  treatment  for  indigestion  consists  in 
limiting  the  food — that  is,  do  not  overfeed.  Feed  at  regular 
intervals,  and  give  Dr.  Hess  Stock  Food.  We  can  speak  with 
the  utmost  confidence  of  this  remedy  for  pigs  and  hogs.  There 
is  no  animal  that  comes  under  our  observation  in  which  this 
preparation  has  met  with  better  results  or  given  more  universal 
satisfaction.  It  is  simply  a  wonder  in  the  ievelopmcnt  and 
growth  of  swine. 


68  DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE 

Pig  Measles. 

Cause  and  source  of  infection  are  now  settled  beyond  a 
doubt  to  be  from  the  eggs  of  the  Taenia  Solium  of  man,  which 
is  eaten  by  the  pig.  It  has  been  as  conclusively  shown  that 
the  tapeworm  (Taenia  Solium)  of  man  comes  from  further 
development  of  the  measle  in  the  pig. 
This  tapeworm  found  in  man  is  a  long, 
flat  worm  like  a  tape-measure,  and  is 
made  up  of  joints  or  segments.  Kach 
segment  of  the  worm  bears  male  and  fe- 
male organs  of  generation,  and  each  scg-  Measle8  or  c?sticercus  ln  Pork« 
ment  is  also  loaded  with  thousands  of  fertile  eggs.  These  egg- 
bearing  joints  become  detached  from  the  body  of  the  worm  and 
pass  off,  new  joints  are  formed  and  the  process  is  repeated  as  time 
goes  on,  and  any  number  of  the  segments  so  detached  will  not 
destroy  the  worm  so  long  as  the  head  remains.  The  eggs  con- 
tained in  the  joints  are  liberated  and  no  amount  of  freezing  or 
drying  will  destroy  their  vitality.  Some  of  the  innumerable 
quantity  of  eggs  thus  deposited  findtheir  way  into  the  digestive 
canal  of  the  pig  through  the  manure  pit,  contaminated  pools,  or 
grass  to  which  the  ova  may  adhere,  etc.  The  egg  is  there  hatched 
and  the  worm  liberated  to  burrow  through  the  tissue  and  lodge 
in  the  muscles.  The  habit,  in  rural  districts,  of  depositing  human 
excrement  upon  the  surface  of  the  ground  or  in  the  manure 
pit,  to  which  the  pigs  have  access,  renders  it  possible  for  one 
person  having  a  tape-worm  to  infect  in  this  way  a  whole  herd 
of  swine;  and  again,  one  of  the  infested  herd  may,  when 
slaughtered  and  eaten,  infect  nearly  all  who  partake  of  its 
flesh,  unless  the  parasite  is  destroyed  by  cooking. 

Prevention  is  much  more  to  be  relied  upon,  as  will  be  seen 
from  the  foregoing  article,  than  treatment.  The  history  and 
manner  of  transmission  of  the  disease  as  given  above  will  aid 
in  adopting  such  plans  as  will  prevent  infection.  The  common 
custom  in  many  districts  of  allowing  or  even  feeding  the  pigs 
upon  every  manner  of  filth  should  be  discouraged.  Trichinosis, 
another  disease  caused  by  worms  in  the  muscular  tissue,  the 
life  history  of  which  is  the  same  as  the  cysticercus,  probably' 
comes  from  the  rat,  and  the  flesh  of  other  animals.  Disinfect 
premises  frequently  with  Dr.  Hess  Dip  and  Disinfectant. 

Paralysis. 

Paralysis,  (paresis, )  or  partial  paralysis.'is  met  with  in  hogs. 

Symptoms  are  those  of  weakness  across  the  back  or  kid- 
neys, with  inability  or  difficulty  in  walking.  The  hind  legs 
appear  weak  and  cannot  be  controlled  by  the  animal.  The 
animal  may  drag  itself  about  the  pen  to  secure  food. 


DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE.  69 

Treatment:  Give  a  physic  of  two  ounces  of  Epsom  salts 
in  gruel  or  swill.  Follow  this  with  ten  grain  doses  of  iodide 
of  potash  in  a  little  water  three  times  a  day.  If  the  hog  does 
not  improve  in  three  or  four  days,  give  10  to  15  drop  doses  of 
tincture  of  nux  vomica  three  times  a  day.  Rub  the  back 
thoroughly  once  a  day  with  compound  soap  liniment.  Feed 
nutritious  food,  such  as  oatmeal  mush  with  milk  or  vegetables. 
Protect  the  animal  from  the  heat  or  sun  or  from  cold  rains. 
This  treatment  is  quite  successful  when  properly  carried  out. 
Fowler's  solution  in  teaspoonful  doses  twice  a  day  for  a  hog  of 
one  hundred  pounds  is  also  very  successful. 

Thumps. 

This  is  a  disease  found  usually  in  young  pigs.  It  is  caused 
by  spasmodic  or  irregular  action  of  the  heart.  It  results  from 
close  confinement  and  overfeeding.  The  pig  is  seen  to  jerk 
backward  and  forward,  the  heart's  action  is  violent,  and  striking 
against  the  sides  of  the  thorax  causes  the  whole  body  to  shake. 

Treatment:  Cut  down  the  feed  and  give  more  exercise. 
In  the  early  stage  give  one  to  two  ounces  of  Epsom  salts,  or 
two  ounces  of  .castor  oil.  Follow  this  with  10  to  20  drops  each 
of  tincture  of  opium  and  digitalis  every  two  hours  until  the 
animal  is  relieved.  If  the  animal  is  much  exhausted,  teaspoon- 
ful doses  of  Hoffman's  anodyne  with  a  little  cold  water  every 
two  hours  brings  relief.  Feed  only  a  small  amount  of  milk 
with  oatmeal  or  middlings  added  to  form  gruel. 

Half  to  teaspoonful  doses  of  Fowler's  solution  once  a  day  is 
also  good  treatment. 

Swine  Plague  or  Hog"  Cholera. 

These  two  diseases  are  caused  by  different  bacteria,  but  the 
symptoms  and  general  characteristics  are  so  similar  that  it  is 
possible  only  by  the  aid  of  the  microscope  to  determine  posi- 
tively which  disease  or  whether  both  diseases  are  affecting  the 
herd.  Generally  swine  plague  affects  the  lungs,  plurae  and 
membrane  around  the  heart,  while  hog  cholera  is  characterized 
by  ulceration  of  the  bowels.  Hogs  with  swine  plague  fre- 
quently show  symptoms  of  lung  fever  with  occasional  diarrhoea, 
while  those  with  hog  cholera  frequently  have  diarrhoea  with 
occasional  lung  complications. 

The  measures  necessary  to  prevent  or  treat  hog  cholera 
would  be  even  more  effective  in  swine  plague.  Both  diseases 
are  produced  by  bacteria,  which  gain  access  to  the  blood.  The 
virus  of  hog  cholera  is  more  difficult  to  destroy,  more  easily 
communicated,  and  more  virulent  in  its  effects  than  that  of 
swine  plague.  The  symptoms  of  these  diseases  are  very 
similar.     There  is  first  seen  signs  of  fever,  shivering,  unwilling- 


70  DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE. 

ness  to  move,  loss  of  appetite,  the  animal  is  stupid  and  dull  and 
hides  away  in  the  litter.  In  a  few  days  diarrhoea  sets  in,  which 
is  persistent  and  exhausting.  The  eyes  water;  later,  matter 
forms.  The  breathing  is  more  frequent.  The  skin  is  often  red 
and  congested  over  the  abdomen  and  inner  surface  of  the  legs* 
Red  spots  appear,  due  to  rupture  of  minute  vessels.  This  symp- 
tom is  quite  characteristic  of  hog  cholera.  The  back  becomes 
arched  and  the  animal  grows  weak  and  moves  with  difficulty . 

The  fatality  of  hog  cholera  and  swine  plague  depends  upon 
the  virulence  of  the  contagion,  and  the  susceptibility  of  the 
animal  in  each  particular  outbreak.  If  the  animals  are  very 
susceptible  and  the  contagion  very  virulent,  the  loss  will  be 
very  great,  even  90  to  95  per  cent.  The  susceptibility  of  the 
animal  depends  much  upon  its  condition  and  general  healths 
Any  influence  or  condition  that  debilitates  or  retards  the 
development  of  the  vital  organs,  muscular  system  or  bony 
structures,  must  impair  the  resisting  powers  of  the  animal. 

The  food  for  pigs  and  growing  hogs  should  consist  of  milk, 
wheat  middlings,  wheat  or  oats,  crushed  peas  with  clover  or 
other  grass,  and  only  a  limited  amount  of  corn.  Corn  alone 
does  not  contain  the  elements  necessary  for  perfect  growth,  and 
unless  these  elements  are  supplied  in  some  concentrated  form 
the  animal  cannot  resist  the  poison  of  cholera.  The  virulence 
of  the  contagion  can  be  greatly  reduced  by  the  proper  use  of 
disinfectants,  which  destroy  the  bacteria  and  prevent  their 
development.  Hogs  that  have  a  large  range  are  more  liable  to 
contract  cholera  than  those  that  are  more  closely  confined,  for 
the  reason  that  small  animals,  or  men,  coming  from  infested 
districts  are  more  apt  to  gain  access  to  their  run  than  where 
the  animals  are  more  closely  confined. 

Again,  disinfectants,  cannot  be  so  effectually  applied  over 
large  areas  as  where  the  grounds  are  limited.  It  is  advisable 
when  there  is  reason  to  fear  the  disease  to  keep  the  hogs  in 
small  inclosures,  which  should  be  kept  as  clean  and  dry  as 
possible;  disinfect  thoroughly  at  least  once  a  week.  New  herds 
brought  on  the  farm  should  be  kept  by  themselves  for  five  or 
six  weeks  and  disinfectants  used,  to  avoid  risk  of  comtami- 
nating  the  home  herd.  Hogs  that  have  been  shipped  in  cars 
previously  used  for  this  purpose,  or  have  had  access  to  grounds 
over  which  hogs  have  been  shipped,  should  be  regarded  with 
suspicion. 

Can  hog  cholera  be  cured?  If  so,  what  is  the  remedy? 
We  know  of  no  positive  cure  for  every  case.  With  all  con- 
tagious diseases,  prevention  is  more  satisfactory  in  every  way 
than  medical  treatment.  Every  swine  grower  should  use  the 
utmost  precaution  to  prevent  the  introduction  of  such  plagues 


DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE.  71 

into  his  herd.  Feed  your  hogs  Dr.  Hess  Stock  Food  strictly  as 
directed,  also  disinfect  stables  and  sleeping  pens  thoroughly. 
In  no  condition  is  the  necessity  for  disinfecting  more  apparent 
than  around  hog  yards.  Thorough  disinfecting  with  Dr.  Hess 
Dip  &  Disinfectant  will  aid  greatly  in  preventing  hog  diseases. 

Piles. 

Piles  are  very  frequently  seen  in  pigs  closely  confined  and 
fed  largely  on  dry  feed.  It  results  from  constipation  or  low, 
weak  circulation,  due  to  general  debility.  The  presence  of 
hard  fecal  matter  in  the  rectum  retards  the  return  of  blood  cir- 
culating in  the  walls  of  this  part  of  the  intestine.  The  effort 
necessary  to  evacuate  the  bowels  also  favors  the  dilatation  of 
the  walls  of  the  veins;  this  continues  until  the  mucous  mem- 
brane or  even  part  of  the  bowel  itself  may  protrude. 

Treatment:  The  treatment  should  be  directed  to  remov- 
ing the  cause,  and  as  this  is  most  frequently  constipation, 
laxatives  should  be  given.  Soft  feed  containing  some  flaxseed 
meal  or  an  ounce  of  Glauber's  salts  should  be  given.  Dr.  Hess 
Stock  Food  contains  just  the  proper  amount  of  laxatives  for  these 
cases,  and  in  addition  this  food  contains  the  best  nerve  tonics 
necessary  to  tone  up  the  loose,  dilated  and  flabby  walls  of  the 
bowel,  and  contribute  directly  to  the  cure  of  the  disease. 

The  following  application  will  be  of  advantage  in  reducing 
the  tumor. 

Tannic  Acid,  3  ss. 

Powd.  Opium,  gr.  x. 

Vaseline,  §  i. 
Mix.     Apply  two  or  three  times  a  day. 

Rheumatism* 

Rheumatism  is  not  uncommon  in  hogs.  The  disease  may 
be  known  by  the  difficulty  in  moving  and  the  disposition  to  lie 
in  the  litter.     It  results  from  exposure,  dampness  and  cold. 

Symptoms:  In  severe  acute  cases  the  joints  swell  and  are 
extremely  painful,  the  patient  is  feverish  and  the  appetite  is 
impaired;  the  swellings  frequently  shift  from  one  joint  to  an- 
other.    This  is  characteristic  of  acute  rheumatism  of  the  joints* 

Treatment:  Provide  shelter  free  from  moisture  and  keep 
the  litter  clean  and  dry.  In  early  stages  give  one  to  two 
ounces  of  Epsom  salts  dissolved  in  a  little  milk  -or  water.  If 
this  does  not  cause  copious  action  of  the  bowels,  repeat  in  fifteen 
hours.  Two  drops  of  croton  oil  in  a  tablespoonful  of  sweet  oil 
may  be  given  instead  of  the  salts.  After  this  give  ten  drops 
of  oil  of  wintergreen  in  a  little  sweet  oil  or  raw  linseed  oil  three 
times  a  day.  In  cases  Lss  acute  ten  grains  of  iodide  of  potash 
should  be  given  three  times  a  day,  dissolved  in  a  little  water 0 


72  DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE- 

A  dram  of  powdered  cantharides  rubbed  up  with  four  drams  of 
lard  does  extremely  well  as  an  application  to  the  joints  where 
the  swelling  is  persistent.  Dr.  Hess  Stock  Food  is  also  very 
valuable  in  preventing  this  disease,  and  is  a  good  treatment 
where  laxatives  and  tonics  are  required. 

Sore  Throat  or  Laryngitis. 

Sore  throat  or  laryngitis,  which  is  quite  common  among 
pigs,  is  characterized  by  cough,  difficulty  in  swallowing,  and 
rough  breathing.  The  breathing  sometimes  becomes  quite 
laborious  and  the  animal  will  make  a  slight,  grating  noise  at  each 
inspiration.  The  air  passages  may  become  closed  so  as  to  cause 
death.  The  cause  of  this  disease  can  usually  be  attributed  to 
sudden  changes  from  heat  to  cold,  ill-ventilated  stables,  lying  in 
cold,  wet  stalls,  or  gaining  access  to  pools  while  over-heated. 

Treatment:  Give  two  ounces  of  castor  oil;  follow  this  by 
giving  Dr.  Hess  Distemper,  Fever  and  Cough  Remedy  or 
give  ten  grains  of  chlorate  of  potash  and  3  to  5  drops  of  fluid 
extract  of  belladonna  dissolved  in  water  three  times  a  day.  If 
the  breathing  is  very  difficult,  give  four  grains  of  tartar  emetic 
and  six  grains  of  ipecac  in  a  little  gruel.  Repeat  in  half  an 
hour  if  vomiting  does  not  take  place.  If  the  cough  is  very 
bad,  give  10  to  15  drops  of  laudanum  or  a  teaspoonful  of  pare- 
goric three  times  a  day. 

Chronic  Cough. 

Chronic  cough  may  arise  from  constipation,  indigestion, 
worms,  congestion  of  the  liver  or  irritation  of  the  throat. 

A  chronic  cough  arising  from  the  above  causes  is  best 
treated  by  a  regular  course  of  Dr.  Hess  Stock  Food.  This  pre- 
paration will  overcome  constipation,  improve  the  digestion, 
remove  intestinal  worms  and  relieve  congestion  of  the  liver. 

Nervous  Cough. 

This  difficulty  is  often  seen  in  small  pigs  and  most  fre= 
quently  occurs  when  first  coming  from  the  nest.  The  cough 
is  often  very  persistent  and  spasmodic. 

Treatment:  Feed  oatmeal  gruel  or  milk  and  wheat  mid- 
dlings, with  only  a  small  amount  of  corn,  add  Dr.  Hess  Stock 
Food  as  directed;  also,  add  a  teaspoonful  of  the  following  for 
each  pig,  three  times  a  day:  muriate  of  ammonia,  fluid  extract 
of  squill  compound,  of  each  two  drams;  camphor  water,  add 
enough  to  make  eight  ounces. 

Canker  of  the  Nose  and  Face. 

This  is  a  disease  of  the  skin  which  affects  the  nose  first,  but 
later  on  snreads  over  the  face,  ears  and  even  bunches  may  form 
on  the  body.  It  is  due  to  a  parasite,  and  as  the  disease  spreads 
the  sores  become  of  a  cankerous  nature. 


DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE. 


73 


Symptoms  :  There  is  contraction  of  the  skin  with  wrinkles 
across  the  nose,  giving  it  a  stubby  appearance,  the  animal  will 
raise  its  nose  and  sniffle,  will  sometimes  run  as  if  making  an 
effort  to  get  away  from  something;  sores  break  out,  the  para- 
sites may  burrow  very  deep  and  cause  large,  unhealthy,  indo- 
lent looking  wounds,  the  disease  may  even  be  fatal. 

Treatment:  All  well  animals  should  be  removed  to  a  new 
pen,  and  their  heads  thoroughly  rubbed  with  an  ounce  of  car- 
bolic acid  in  a  pint  of  raw  flaxseed  oil.  This  treatment  should 
also  be  applied  to  those  recently  affected.  In  later  cases,  four 
drams  of  iodine  should  be  incorporated  with  eight  ounces  of 
vaseline  and  this  applied  to  the  diseased  parts;  or  one  part  of 
creolin  to  six  parts  of  water  can  also  be  applied  with  good 
effects.  If  the  sores  are  very  indolent  and  refuse  to  heal,  apply 
a  little  butter  of  antimony  with  a  feather,  or  twenty  grains  of 
nitrate  of  silver  to  an  ounce  of  water  can  be  applied  in  the 
tame  way. 

Mange. 

Mange  in  the  pig  is  due  to  a  parasite  much  the  same  as  that 
which  causes  it  in  other  animals.  The  parasite  burrows  into 
the  skin  and  forms  crusts  or  scabs; 
great  itchiness  prevails  and  the  animal 
will  rub  against  the  posts  or  partitions 
and  cause  the  parts  to  become  sore. 
The  disease  is  easily  communicated 
from  one  animal  to  another.  It  usu- 
ally appears  first  on  the  thin  parts  of 
the  skin,  under  the  arm  or  flanks  or 
inside  of  the  thighs. 

Treatment:  All  pigs  not  affected 
should  be  removed  from  the  pen  where 
disease  prevails,  and  the  woodwork  of 
the  pen  should  be  thoroughly  washed 
with  a  strong  solution  of  carbolic  acid; 
or  better,  whitewash  the  pens  and  add 
thirty  grains  of  corrosive  sublimate  to 
two  gallons  of  the  whitewash  used. 
The  corrosive  sublimate  is  very  poison- 
ous and  should  be  handled  with  care. 

The  diseased  pigs  should  be  thor- 
oughly washed  with  soap  and  water 


Sarcopt  of  Man. 


A  fecundated  female  (A  )  form 
ing  its  gallery  or  burrow,     a 
and  a  brush  tO  break  down   the   bur-   semi-diagrammatic  figure,  part- 
r       .  i  ,-,  <    ,  ly  after  Gerlach.    From  before 

rOWS     Of      the     insect,      then      SUlphur  to  behind  are  seen  the  eggs  in- 

should  be  well  rubbed  over  the  parts.  ^S^^^^E 

Better       Still       wash    in    Solution      Dr.  opening  for  the  escape  of'  tht 

Hess    Dip   and    Disinfectant        This  hm;  A  excrements' 


<-i  DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE. 

should  be  repeated  in  a  day  or  two;  or  a  very  effectual  remedy 
can  be  made  by  boiling  two  ounces  of  stavacre  seeds  in  three 
pints  of  water  for  an  hour,  then  add  sufficient  water  to  make  the 
original  quantity.  Apply  this  thoroughly  to  the  skin,  rubbing 
it  in  completely.  Repeat  in  a  week  if  necessary.  An  ounce  of 
tobacco  leaves  steeped  in  a  quart  of  water  for  one-half  hour 
will  also  destroy  the  parasite,  but  this  is  quite  poisonous  and 
there  is  some  danger  of  making  the  animal  sick.  If  used,  it 
should  only  be  applied  to  a  limited  space  each  day. 

Congestion  of  the  Lungs. 

This  disease  is  due  to  a  sudden  flow  of  blood  to  the  lungs. 
It  may  be  the  result  of  over-exertion,  as  driving  on  a  hot  day 
or  to  sudden  change  of  temperature,  of  sudden  cold  or  even 
heat,  or  wallowing  in  cold  water  while  heated. 

Symptoms  :  The  animal  will  sometimes  chill,  will  have  an 
increased  number  of  respirations,  the  extremities  appear  cold 
and  the  eyes  congested;  in  severe  cases  there  will  be  a  slight 
watery  discharge  from  the  nose  tinted  with  blood,  the  breath- 
ing becomes  short  and  jerky,  the  lips  and  gums  may  become 
blue,  showing  great  veinous  congestion. 

Treatment  :  Clothe  the  body  to  keep  it  warm  and  encourage 
circulation  in  the  skin  by  rubbing  it.  Give  the  animal  Dr. 
Hess  Distemper,  Fever  and  Cough  Remedy,  or  a  dram 
of  aromatic  spirits  of  ammonia  and  a  dram  of  sweet  spirits  of 
nitre  in  a  little  cold  water.  Repeat  in  one  half  hour  if  neces- 
sary, or  a  teaspoonful  of  brandy  or  whisky  can  be  given  in  cold 
water  to  advantage.  If  the  animal  improves,  keep  up  the 
stimulants  for  a  day  or  two.  Be  careful  that  the  pig  does  not 
become  exposed  to  sudden  changes  of  temperature.  Feed 
nutritious  food,  such  as  milk  and  gruel. 

Pneumonia  or  Inflammation  of  the  Lungs. 

In  this  disease  the  lung  tissue  becomes  inflamed;  there  is 
also  congestion,  but  it  is  somewhat  less  acute  than  in  con- 
gestion of  the  lungs  given  in  previous  article.  It  results  from 
exposure  to  cold  or  to  sudden  variations  in  temperature.  It  is 
also  frequently  a  complication  in  swine  plague.  It  may  be  the 
result  of  irritating  gases  or  dusts  inhaled. 

Symptoms:  At  the  beginning  there  is  usually  a  chill  with 
short  breathing,  increased  number  of  heart  beats,  and  signs  of 
pain.  If  the  animal  is  handled  it  may  squeal,  especially  if  the 
pleura  is  inflamed.  There  is  a  painful,  suppressed  cough  with 
rise  of  temperature,  the  appetite  is  lost  but  there  is  consider- 
able thirst.  In  very  severe  cases,  there  may  be  a  discharge  of 
a  frothy  mucous  from  the  nose,  often  tinged  with  blood. 


DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE.  *v 

Treatment:  If  the  animal  is  verjr  fat,  good  results  are 
obtained  from  giving  one  or  two  ounces  of  Epsom  salts,  fol= 
lowed  with  2  or  3  drop  doses  of  veratrum  viride  every  *  or  3 
hours.  If  vomiting  ensues,  diminish  the  dose  or  give  6  to  ic 
drops  of  laudanum  before  giving  the  veratrum.  Dr.  Hess  Dis= 
temper,  Fever  and  Cough  Remedy  will  prove  very  effective.  If 
the  cough  is  persistent,  give  teaspoon ful  doses  of  paregoric  three 
limes  a  day.  Supply  the  animal  with  good  food,  such  as  milk 
with  middlings  or  corn  meal  in  the  form  of  gruel.  If  the  animal  is 
much  exhausted,  5  to  10  grains  of  carbonate  of  ammonia  made 
into  solution  is  often  of  benefit;  or  ten  grains  of  muriate  of 
ammonia  can  be  given  with  a  teaspoonful  of  fluid  extract  of 
licorice  every  4  to  6  hours.  When  convalescence  begins,  give 
good,  nutritious  food  with  Dr.  Hess  Stock  Food  as  a  tonic , 
This  will  aid  very  much  in  restoring  the  lost  powers  and  bring- 
Ing  the  animal  back  to  its  normal,  healthy  condition. 

Diarrhoea, 

This  disease  may  arise  from  feeding  undue  quantities  of 
food;  food  that  is  fermented  or  unduly  sour,  or  to  irritating 
substances  being  taken  in  with  the  food,  musty  or  decomposed 
grains  or  vegetables. 

In  suckling  pigs  it  is  often  due  to  overfeeding  the  dam,  or 
to  sudden  changes  from  poor,  innutritious  food  to  liberal  sup- 
plies of  highly  nutritious  or  laxative  food,  such  as  flaxseed 
meal  or  new  corn. 

Treatment:  First  ascertain  the  cause,  if  possible,  and  re- 
move it.  If  due  to  some  irritating  substance  in  the  digestive 
tract,  give  1  to  2  ounces  of  castor  oil.  After  this  has  operated, 
give  5  to  10  grains  of  Dover's  powders  or  a  teaspoonful  of  pare- 
goric.    Carefully  regulate  the  diet. 

The  cause  of  diarrhoea  in  suckling  pigs  should  be  carefully 
sought  for  and  removed.  If  due  to  some  error  in  feeding  the 
darn,  this  difficulty  should  be  overcome,  and  food  less  succulent 
and  nutritious  should  be  given.  Teaspoonful  doses  of  paregoric 
can  be  given  to  the  dam  three  times  a  day;  or  ten  grains  o! 
Dover's  powders  with  ten  grains  of  subnitrate  of  bismuth  will 
<5ilso  aid  in  checking  the  discharges. 


DR.  HESS  STOCK  FOOb 

IS  THE  SCIENTIFIC  COMPOUND  FO*  H0GS. 


J)IGS  when  weaned  stand  a  chance  of  slow  development  for  a  time. 

Grain  or  even  sour  milk  is 
harder  to  digest  than  the  milk 
of  the  dam. 

The  digestive  organs  re- 
quire special  aid  at  weaning 
time  to  insure  perfect  assimila- 
tion. 

As  the  feeding  period  of 
the  hog  is  short — and  the  shorter 
the  better — it  is  expedient  to 
strengthen  and  build  strong 
every  digestive  organ  while  the  pig  is  young. 

The  rapid  development  of  bone,  muscle,  and  frame  work  is  of  thfe 
utmost  importance,  and  cannot  be  formed  without  the  proper  elements 
which  enter  into  their  composition. 

For  their  construction  a  diversified  die*  is  required. 

DR.  HESS  STOCK  FOOD 

supplies  a  balanced  ration. 

It  also  contains  the  very  essential  nerve  and  digestive  tonics. 

It  enables  the  hog  to  stand  crowding  at  all  times,  and  the  quicke* 
a  hog  can  be  made  fat,  the  less  food  is  required,  the  least  expense^ 
the  :rost  profit. 

We  guaranteed  no  paralysis  where 

DR.  HESS  STOCK  FOOD  IS  FED. 

As  a  flesh  producer  it  is  unequalled.  With  this  food  hogs  thrive 
in  a  surprising  manner. 

One  hundred  hogs  can  be  fed  Dr.  Hess  Stock  Food  at  a  cost  of 
less  than  12  J  cents  per  feed.  Here  is  an  experiment  that  will  imme- 
diately convince  any  doubting  Thomas :  Feed  Dr  Hess  Stock  Food 
to  hali  the  hogs  ;  do  not  feed  it  to  the  other  half ;  when  you  come  to 
sell,  kee  3  the  returns  separate  and  compare.  Any  stock  raiser  who 
ewer  tries  this  will  always*  feed  all  his  hogs  on  Dr.  Hess  Stock  Food 
ever  afterwards. 

76 


FOR  BROOD  SOWS 

DR.  HESS  STOCK  FOOD  is  an  excellent  tonic  and  insures  vigorous, 
healthy  offspring.     It  increases  the  flow  of  milk  and  improves  digestion. 

DR.  HESS  WORM  POWDER 

Expels  worms  so  common  to  hogs.  Worms,  perhaps  destroy  more 
hogs  than  all  other  diseases  combined.  Many  cases  of  so-called  hog 
cholera  are  worms. 

DR.  HESS  WORM  POWDER  removes  these  parasites. 

It  prevents  hog  cholera.     Feed    your  hogs   DR.   HESS  STOCK  FOOD 

regularly  as  directed,  and  dust  the  bedding  and  feeding  places  once  a 
week  with 

INSTANT  LOUSE  KILLER; 

if  your  hogs  die  from  cholera  we  will    refund  your  money. 

Hog  cholera,  as  a  rule,  prevails  in  the  great  corn  belts.  In  the 
Eastern  States  where  hogs  are  fed  a  well  balanced  ration,  such  as 
middlings,  bran,  oats,  peas,  beans,  barley,  etc.,  cholera  is  almost  un- 
known. Corn  lacks  the  nutritive  elements  which  the  system  of  the 
hog  demands.  Hogs  fed  exclusively  on  corn  are  more  susceptible 
to  disease. 

DR.  HESS  STOCK  FOOD 

Supplies  the  missing  elements  in  the  most  digestible  form  ;  it  also 
keeps  the  system  in  the  pink  of  condition,  and  calls  into  healthy  ac- 
tion every  organ  of  the  animal  body.    Then  by  the  use  of 

INSTANT  LOUSE  KILLER 

you  can  destroy  the  cholera  bacilli  that  lurks  in  the  bedding  and 
feeding  places.  In  this  way  these  two  scientific  preparations  ward  off 
disease.  An  ounce  of  prevention  is  worth  more  than  all  the  cures, 
particularly  when  cholera  lurks  around. 

T.  J.  Loar,  Iowa,  says:  "Nearly  2,000  head  of  hogs  are  thriving  and  doing  wel 
around  here  on  DR.  HESS  STOCK  FOOD  and  disinfecting  with  IUSTAHT  LOUSE 
KILLER." 

Thousands  of  hog  raisers  are  now  using  these  two  preparations  with 
perfect  success.  You  cannot  afford  to  be  without  them,  they  are 
backed  by  a  guarantee  that  is  a  guarantee. 

As  to  our  responsibility,  we  refer  you  to  any  bank  or  commercial 
agency. 

77 


SHEEP 


How  to 
Keep  Them 


How  to 
Treat  Them 


Grub,  or  Bot  Fly. 

Wooded  districts  are  favorable  for  the 
abode  of  the  bot  fly.  A  bit  of  tar  applied 
to  the  nose  of  the  sheep  occasionally  in 
summer  effectually  wards  off  attacks  from 
this  tormentor.  The  inhalation  of  fumes 
of  burning  sulphur  has  met  with  consid- 
erable success  in  our  hands  when  the 
symptoms  of  disease  are  devel- 
oped. A  box  into  which  a  hole 
has  been  cut  large  enough  to 
admit  a  sheep's  head  should  be 
inverted  over  a  vessel  of  burning 
sulphur.  The  head  of  the  animal 
may  be  thrust  through  this  hole 
and  held  for  a  moment  or  two. 
Care  must  always  be  taken  lest 
your  patient  should 
suffocate. 


DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE.  7£ 

Vorms  in  the  Lungs. 

Worms  in  the  lungs  and  other  tissues  are  found  to  infest 
sheep.  We  will  only  notice  one  of  these  (strongylus  Falaria). 
This  is  a  thread-like  worm  from  one  to  two  inches  long,  white 
or  yellowish  white,  and  about  the  diameter  of  coarse  thread. 
It  infests  the  lungs,  bowels  and  other  tissues.  It  is  most  com- 
mon in  lambs  that  have  to  run  on  low  lands  or  on  fields  long 
kept  for  sheep  grazing. 

Symptoms:  Loss  of  flesh,  the  animal  becomes  weak,  the 
mucous  membrane  pale;  the  appetite  usually  remains  good. 
The  animal  may  become  so  debilitated  as  to  be  unable  to  walk. 

The  treatment  should  be  the  same  as  that  suggested  under 
stomach  worms. 

Prevention:    Much  can  be  done  to  prevent  the  disease  re-  \ 
suiting  from  these  parasites.    Land  that  has  been  used  for  graz- 
ing for  a  number  of  years  may  be  a  source  of  infection  and  should 
be  regarded  with  suspicion.     Lands  that  overflow  may  become 
dangerous  from  having  the  eggs  deposited  from  lands  above. 

Sheep  kept  strong,  robust  and  hearty  by  Dr.  Hess  Stock 
Food  will  remain  strong  and  able  to  resist  the  action  and 
depressing  effects  of  these  parasites  in  a  great  number  of  cases. 
When  you  begin  to  feed  your  sheep  for  market,  add  the  proper 
quantity  of  Dr.  He^s'  Stock  Food  to  the  regular  feed  and  you 
will  be  very  highly  gratified  with  the  results. 

Stomach  Worms. 

Stomach  worms,  or  strongylus  contortus,  in  sheep  are  small,  1 
thread-like  worms  that  infest  the  fourth  stomach  and  upper! 
portions  of  the  bowels  of  sheep.  They  are  extremely  numerous  I 
and  cause  great  loss  in  some  districts.  ' 

Symptoms:  Loss  of  flesh,  anaemia,  weakness,  diarrhoea 
with  great  prostration  of  strength;  death  may  result. 

Treatment:  The  treatment  which  has  been  quite  success- 
ful is  as  follows:  Steep  a  gallon  of  flaxseed  in  three  gallons  of 
water  for  two  hours,  strain  through  cheese-cloth  and,  while 
warm,  use  the  tea  as  follows:  Take  three  or  four  ounces  of  the 
tea,  place  in  a  bottle  and  add  to  this  a  tablespoonf  ul  of  common 
gasoline,  then  place  your  thumb  over  the  mouth  of  the  bottle 
and  shake  vigorously;  quickly  pour  this  down  the  sheep's 
throat  The  sheep  should  be  held  in  position  by  an  attendant 
by  placing  the  animal  on  its  rump  and  place  its  nose  so  that  it 
forms  nearly  a  straight  line  with  the  back.  Care  should  be 
taken  tnat  the  head  be  not  carried  too  far  back,  or  danger  from 
strangulation  would  result.  A  tablespoonful  of  gasoline  is  the 
proper  dose  for  a  sheep  or  lamb  weighing  80  pounds.  Lambs 
requiring  treatment  should  be  penned  rn  in  the  evening  and 


&0  DR.  HESS  SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE.        , 

allowed  no  food  until  two  hours  after  treatment,  which  is  t© 
be  given  at  noon  next  day.  They  may  then  be  turned  out  t© 
grass  and  again  brought  in  at  night  and  the  treatment  re° 
peated  in  the  same  manner  each  day  for  three  successive  days. 
This  treatment  is  almost  free  from  danger  when  properly 
given  and  is  quite  effective.  I,ambs  suffering  from  lung  worms 
should  be  treated  in  the  same  way.  Sheep  and  lambs  so 
treated  should  be  turned  into  new  pastures,  lest  they  again 
become  infested  with  these  parasites.  Dr.  Hess  Worm  Pow= 
der  is  effective  in  expelling  and  preventing  stomach  worms. 


Scab  or  Mange. 

Scab  or  Mange  is  a  Parasitic  Disease  found  in  Sheep. 

Treatment  consists  in  removing  to  a  new  run  all  those  not 
affected.  Do  not  move  the  diseased  sheep  and  allow  the 
others  to  remain,  as  the  grounds  are  infected  and  disease  will 
follow  and  you  will  start  disease  in  a  new  locality. 

Dr.  Hess  Dip  and  Disinfectant. 

One  part  to  70  parts  of  water  will  destroy  scab,  mange  and 
also  kill  the  ticks.  It  is  standardized  by  chemical  tests  of  the 
raw  material  so  that  the  preparation  will  always  prove  uniform. 
It  is  free  from  any  poisonous  or  irritating  qualities  and  will 
not  injure  the  fleece.  It  is  inexpensive  and  not  only  relieves 
the  above  conditions,  but  is  the  greatest  disinfectant  known. 

Ticks. 

These  insects  may  grow  to  one- fourth  of  an 
Inch  in  length,  have  brown  or  reddish-brown 
bodies.  The  feet  are  hooked  and  the  rostrum  is 
provided  with  a  sucker.  They  have  been  known 
to  live  in  the  fleece  for  more  than  a  year  after 
shearing.  Sheep  Tick. 


DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE.  81 

Foot  Rot. 

i  Foot  Rot  is  a  contagious  disease  affecting  the  feet  of  sheep. 
Treatment:  Avoid  pastures  or  runs  that  are  contami- 
nated. Remove  all  diseased  or  detached  portions  of  the  claw. 
Apply  butter  of  antimony  well  to  the  diseased  parts  with  a 
swab  or  feather.  Dr.  Hess  Dip  and  Disinfectant,  one  part  to 
25  of  water  placed  in  a  shallow  trough  and  animals  allowed  to 
walk  through  it  to  and  from  pasture,  will  cure  and  prevent 
this  difficulty.  .   , 

Colic. 

This  disease  results  from  derangements  of  digestion,  and  is  the 
consequence  of  taking  too  great  quantities  of  indigestible  food. 

Diarrhoea. 

This  frequently  occurs  in  the  sheep,  especially  as  a  result 
of  stomach  worms,  or  it  may  be  the  result  of  sudden  change  of 
food,  such  as  from  dry  food  to  succulent  green  pastures,  or 
from  eating  undue  quantities  of  vegetables  or  roots.  In  lambs 
it  may  be  the  result  of  undue  quantities  of  milk,  or  from  sud- 
den changes  of  the  food  of  the  ewe. 

Treatment:  If  stomach  worms  are  suspected,  give  treat- 
ment prescribed  to  remove  these  parasites;  see  page  79. 

If  due  to  some  irritating  substances  a  dose  of  2  to  4  ounces 
of  Epsom  salts  should  be  given  to  clean  out  the  bowels,  fol- 
lowed by  dram  doses  of  prepared  chalk  with  ten  grains  of  sub- 
nitrate  of  bismuth  three  times  a  day,  or  paregoric  in  teaspoon- 
ful  doses  in  one-half  ounce  of  camphor  water  does  excellently. 

Mammitis  or  Inflammation  of  the  Udder. 

This  frequently  occurs  in  ewes,  especially  if  allowed  succu- 
lent food  or  green  pasture  at  lambing  time.  It  may  be  the 
result  of  an  undue  yield  of  milk,  or  to  direct  injury. 

Treatment:  If  the  bowels  are  constipated,  give  from  2  to 
4  ounces  of  Epsom  salts.  If,  however,  the  animal  has  had  a 
run  of  pasture,  better  change  the  feed  and  give  only  a  small 
amount  of  dry  feed.  Bathe  the  udder  with  warm  water  and 
apply  camphorated  oil,  to  each  ounce  of  which  has  been  added 
one-half  dram  fluid  extract  of  belladonna.  If  abscesses  form, 
they  should  be  opened  and  the  pus  allowed  to  escape,  and  the 
parts  cleansed  with  a  two  per  cent,  solution  of  carbolic  acid. 

Poverty  of  the  Blood— Anaemia. 

This  disease  is  extremely  common  in  sheep,  especially  dur- 
ing the  latter  part  of  winter  and  early  spring.     It  frequently 


IS  DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE. 

results  from  improper  feed  and  feeding.  It  may  also  be  the 
Result  of  certain  parasitic  diseases,  especially  lung  worms. 

The  symptoms  and  causes  are  the  same  as  those  given 
tinder  horse,  which  see,  page  27. 

Treatment:  Place  in  comfortable  quarters,  supply  nutri- 
tious diet,  such  as  ground  oats,  bran  or  middlings  to  which 
add  Dr.  Hess  Stock  Food. 

Foot  and  Mouth  Disease, 

This  is  a  contagious  disease  which  affects  all  cloven-footed, 
kerbiverous  animals.  It  is  shown  by  ulcers  forming  about  the 
<aoSe,  mouth  and  lips;  the  feet  also  become  diseased. 

The  treatment  is  the  same  as  that  recommended  for  cattle, 
©npage  58. 

Ipizootic  Ophthalmia,  or  Inflammation  of  the  Eyes. 

This  disease  sometimes  occurs  in  sheep.  No  satisfactory 
explanation  has  been  given  as  to  its  exact  cause.  A  similar 
lisease  occurs  in  the  ox. 

The  treatment  is  the  same  as  for  the  ox,  given  on  page  59. 

Liver  Rot  or  Fluke. 

This  is  a  parasitic  disease  affecting  the  liver  of  sheep.  The 
symptoms  are  those  of  lung  worms,  except  a  cough,  which  is 
only  occasionally  present.  The  membrane  of  the  nose  and  eyes 
becomes  soft  and  flabby,  the  fluids  of  the  eye  are  yellow  or 
dark,  the  skin  is  pale  and  bloodless,  there  is  deficiency  of  oil  or 
yolk  in  the  wool,  the  muscles  waste,  the  animal  is  razor  backed, 
and  the  wool  is  easily  detached. 

Treat  with  tonics,  such  as  Dr.  Hess  Stock  Food.  No 
parasiticide  can  be  given  which  will  reach  the  liver  and  gall 
ducts,  the  location  of  the  parasite. 

Change  sheep  to  new  pastures,  as  the  old  runs  may  be  con- 
taminated. Water  only  from  deep  wells  or  springs,  and  avoid 
Stagnant  pools. 

Catarrh, 

or  inflammation  of  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  nose  frequently 
arises  from  the  presence  of  the  larva  of  the  bot  fly,  or  it  may 
be  the  result  of  sudden  changes  of  temperature,  exposure  to 
cold,  or  permitting  the  animal  to  be  out  in  a  soaking  rain. 

Treat  by  giving  good  shelter,  avoid  sudden  changes  of  tem- 
perature. If  due  to  grub,  treat  by  removing  grub,  as  given  on  a 
previous  page.  If  due  to  other  causes,  give  two  to  four  drops  of 
fluid  extract  of  belladonna  in  one-half  ounce  of  camphor  water 
three  times  a  day.  Support  with  good,  nutritious  tonics,  such 
as  Dr.  Hess  Stock  Food. 


Lice  and  Parasites  Cost 
$175,000,000  a  Year 

according  to  the  report  of  the  United  States  Department 
of  Agriculture.  What  the  death  loss  is,  due  to  poisonous 
germs  of  disease,  can  hardly  be  estimated. 

The  cry  everywhere  is   clean   up,  disinfect,   destroy- 
all  forms  of  parasites. 

DR.  HESS  DIP 

AND  DISINFECTANT 

Deodorizes,  purifie9  the  air,  kills  all  forms  of  disease  germs  in 
barns,  hog  pens,  cow  stables,  chicken  yards,  sinks,  drains,  etc., 
simply  by  sprinkling  it  everywhere.  One  gallon  diluted  makes 
from  70  to  100  gallons.  It  also  kills  lice,  mites,  ticks,  fleas,  also 
sheep  scab,  mange,  eczema  and  other  parasitic  skin  diseases. 
Meets  the  United  States  Government  requirements  for  official 
dipping. 

If  your  dealer  can't  supply  you,  we  will      Write  for  circular. 

DR.  HESS  &  CLARK 

A»hl»nd.  Ohio.  V.  S.  A. 

83 


How  to 
Keep  Them 


POULTRY 


How  to 
Treat  Them 


Crop  Bound. 

This  is  a  disease  that  arises  from  taking  too  much  or  too 
coarse  food  into  the  crop.  It  is  frequently  the  result  of  an 
abnormal  appetite,  from  deranged  digestion,  or  lack  of  variety 
in  the  food  supply. 

Treatment:  As  the  crop  has  little  to  do  in  the  process  of 
digestion  except  to  hold  and  moisten  the  food,  it  should  not  be 
overloaded.  The  desire  for  unnatural  food  should  be  corrected 
by  giving  a  variety,  and  a  'good  supply  of  grit.  Oil  or  tepid 
water  should  be  poured  down  the  throat  and  the  mass  in  the 
crop  kneaded  gently  to  aid  in  breaking  it  up.  A  small  quantity 
of  soda  sulphite  dissolved  in  water  will  prevent  fermentation  of 
the  food  in  thecrop.  If  the  bird  is  valuable  and  the  mass  can- 
not be  removed,  -it  may  be  necessary  to  cut  through  and  remove 
the  contents.  The  cut  should  be  high  as  possible,  so  that  the 
food  taken  after,  which  should  be  limited  for  a  while,  will  not 
escape.  The  digestive  tonics,  as  gentian,  columbo,  etc.,  are 
liberally  supplied  in  Dr.  Hess  Poultrv  Pan-a-ce-a,  also  the 
zymocides  that  will  prevent  putrefaction  and  fermentation  of 
the  food  and  the  evolution  of  gas.  This  preparation  will  be 
found  of  great  value  in  fowls  prone  to  indigestion. 

Indigestion. 

The  trouble  is  due  to  irregular  feeding,  or  being  feed  on 
one  kind  of  grain  too  long,  dirt,  and  sour  feed  with  a  poor 
supply  of  grit.'    The  gizzard  is  the  grinding  mill  of  fowls,  and 

84 


DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE-  85 

instinct  has  taught  them  to  gather  and  swallow  small  stones  to 
aid  in  grinding  the  food. 

Treatment:  Feed  regularly  a  moderate  amount  of  good,, 
clean  grain,  give  a  variety  such  as  cornmeal,  wheat  middlings^ 
oatmeal  and  a  small  amount  of  lean  meat.  Mix  together  and 
make  damp,  but  never  soft  or  sloppy.  To  this  add  Dr.  Hess 
Poultry  Pan-a-ce-a  as  directed,  and  give  for  the  morning  feed. 
The  evening  feed  should  consist  of  whole  grain,  and  should  be 
thrown  among  leaves,  chaff,  straw  or  other  litter  to  compel 
them  to  exercise  to  obtain  it.  Two  feeds  a  day  are  enough  for 
old  fowls.  Always  provide  the  birds  with  a  good  supply  oi 
sharp  grit. 

Diarrhoea. 

Diarrhoea  in  fowls  is  a  symptom  of  intestinal  worms,  cholera, 
indigestion,  lice,  congestion  of  the  liver,  over-feeding,  and 
possibly  some  other  conditions. 

Treatment:  Seek  the  cause  and  remove  it  if  possible.  A 
feed  of  cornmeal  and  middlings,  or  oatmeal,  made  damp  with 
a  tea  made  from  boiling  white  oak  bark,  or  blackberry  roots, 
will  usually  allay  the  trouble.  Camphor  water  may  be  used 
the  same  way.  A  dram  of  powdered  nutgalls  may  be  given  to 
fifty  chickens  in  the  feed.  A  tablespoonful  of  Douglas'  mix- 
ture should  be  added  to  the  drinking  water  for  twenty-five 
fowls,  every  day  or  every  other  day.  Douglas'  mixture  is 
made  by  adding  one  pound  of  copperas  to  two  gallons  of  water,, 
After  this  is  dissolved  add  one  ounce  of  sulphuric  acid.  Mix> 
and  when  this  settles  pour  off  the  liquid  and  it  is  ready  for 
use.  It  should  be  made  in  a  wooden  or  earthen  vessel.  Drc 
Hess  Poultry  Pan-a-ce-a  is  also  extremely  valuable  in  over» 
coming  diarrhoea,  especially  when  it  arises  from  indigestion. 

Scabies. 

Scabies  of  the  legs  occurs  as  a  parasitic  disease  in  the  fowl 
and  is  commonly  known  as  scaly  legs. 

Treatment:  Oils  and  fats  are  not  entirely  without  danger 
when  applied  to  poultry,  especially  to  young  fowls.  The  feet 
should  be  cleaned  as  well  as  possible,  and  the  scabs  removed 
after  soaking  in  tepid  water.  When  dry  apply  balsam  of  peru 
and  repeat  in  a  day  or  two.  The  run  should  be  sprinkled  over 
with  Instant  Louse  Killer.  The  disease  is  not  difficult  to  cureP 
and  is  not  so  apt  to  spread  as  some  other  forms  of  itch. 

Depluming:. 

Depluming  scabbies,  or  a  form  of  itch,  is  found  in  poultry, 
It  selects  the  body  of  the  fowl  for  its  abode.  It  does  not  burrow 
Into  the  skin,,  but  lives  upon  the  feathers  and  epidermis. 


86 


DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE 


Treatment:  As  this  is  an  extremely  contagious  disease, 
She  healthy  fowls  should  be  placed  in  a  separate  run  and  Instant 
I,ouse  Killer  dusted  into  the  feathers,  if  any  remain,  on  the 
gliseased  bird.  Dust  the  pen,  roost  and  everything  thoroughly, 
Trear  aew  cases  at  once,  if  any  arise.  Ointments  or  balsams, 
as  that  -  p  peru,  are  effectual,  but  they  are  very  difficult  to 
apply.  Instant  Louse  Killer  can  be  dusted  into  the  feathers 
when  the  disease  first  appears. 

Favus. 

Favus  is  a  parasitic  disease  in  fowls.  The  favus  generally 
begins  on  the  comb,  crest  or  wattles— shown  by  gray  or  white, 
round  or  irregular  spots,  separated  at  first,  but  extend,  multiply 
and  become  confluent  or  joined  together,  forming  a  thin, 
whitish  covering  over  the  diseased  surface.  The  crusts  gradu= 
ally  become  thicker,  and  in  a  few  weeks  form  white  dandruff- 
like scales;  beneath  these  scales  the  skin 
looks  excoriated  and  tender.  From  those 
parts  first  affected,  and  not  covered  with 
feathers,  the  disease  spreads  to  the  neck 
and  other  parts  of  the  body  and  the 
feathers  drop  out.  The  cut  shows  a  fowl 
suffering  from  favus. 

Treatment:  Wash  the  diseased 
parts  in  a  solution  of  one  part  Dr.  Hess 
Dip  and  Disinfectant  to  75  parts  of  water 
which  will  kill  the  fungi.  A  ten  per  cent. 
solution  of  nitrate  of  silver  will  destroy 
the  parasite,  but  it  turns  everything 
black  and  looks  bad.  It  should  be  ap- 
plied with  a  brush.  A  very  sure  and  perfectly 
remedy  is  a  saturated  solution  of  sulphite  or  hyposul- 
phite  of  soda  applied  well  over  the  parts  ;  this  will  destroy  the 
fungi  and  be  free  from  danger  of  poison. 

Feather  Eating. 

Feather  eating  is  a  vice  found  most  frequently  in  fowls 
slosely  housed. 

Treatment;  Remove  the  offending  bird  and  watch  for 
lew  cases.  Aloes  made  into  a  paste  and  applied  to  the  feath- 
ers of  the  neck  will  sometimes  disgust  the  offender.  Better  t© 
shop  the  head  off  unless  the  bird  is  especially  valuable. 

Sapes. 

Gapes  is  a  parasitic  disease  affecting  young  fowls.  The 
worm  which  causes  the  disease  is  developed  from  the  egg  of 
Its  own  kind,  which  contains  the  embryo  of  this,  parasite. 


Head  and  Neck  of '  *  cowl  Af= 
fected  with  Generalized  fa-us. 

harmless 


DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE.  8T 

The  gape- worm  attaches  to  the  inner  surface  of  the  wind- 
pipe.     The  older  methods  of  removing  the  worm  with  a  small 
wire,  twisted  horse-hair  or  denuded  timothy  head  or  by  drop- 
ping some  liquid,  supposed  to  cause  the  worm  to  /^^ 
relinquish  its  hold,  into  the  trachea  is  not  only  at-   ^?jjv 
tended  with  danger  even  in  the  hands  of  a  skilled      ||| 
operator,  but  is  too  tedious  and  unsatisfactory  to      ft  I     ^--w 
receive  general  favor.     Dr.  Hess    Poultry  Pan-       f       60h 
a-ce-a  is  a  safe,  convenient  and  thoroughly  effec-      |jl      f|p| 
tive  remedy.    It  never  fails  to  give  most  excellent       vjA     iSl 
results  when  given  to  young  fowls  early  and  regu-        vj\  |  «m 
ularly.     If  Dr.  Hess  Poultry  Pan-a-ce-a  is  given         ^\\®Jl 
regularly  once  a  day  after  the  fowl  are  one  week  \vWI 

old  there  will  be  no  loss  from  gapes.      Its  action  ^SKI 

is  through  the  blood,  from  whence  the  worm  gains  /BR 

its  nutrition  by  drawing  from  the  delicate  lining  ®W 

of  the  trachea.     Disinfect  the  premises  with  Dr.       Gape- Worm, 
Hess  Dip  and  Disinfectant. 

Cholera. 

Cholera  in  fowls  is  an  acute  infectious  disease,  endemic  or 
epidemic,  characterized  by  copious  watery  dejections  and  great 
prostration  in  strength. 

Symptoms:  The  first  indication  of  disease  may  be  shown 
by  the  bird  appearing  slow  and  indifferent,  remaining  alonef 
half  asleep,  with  the  feathers  of  the  neck  standing  up  and  the 
wings  drooping.  As  the  disease  advances  these  symptoms  are 
more  marked;  great  wellness  supervenes;  the  eyes  are  closed 
and  the  head  resting  upon  the  ground,  motion  difficult  and  un- 
steady. The  head  is  pale  or  bluish  white;  the  excretions, 
which  in  health  are  white,  are  tinged  with  yellow.  This 
symptom  of  yellowish  of  the  urates  (that  part  of  the  excrement 
which  is  thrown  off  by  the  kidneys)  is  pecular  to  this  disease. 

Causes:  This  disease  may  arise  spontaneously  by  filth  and 
poor  ventilation,  over-crowding  or  other  debilitating  causes 
which  render  the  fowls  very  susceptible  or  less  able  to  resist 
the  poisonous  germs  of  infection,  but  by  far  the  most  frequent 
cause  is  by  contagion  or  by  coming  in  contact  or  taking  the 
poison  directly  into  the  body.  It  has  been  quite  conclusively 
demonstrated  that  the  germs  of  cholera  are  not  volatile  and 
birds  close  to  an  infected  pen  will  remain  healthy  for  months 
if  no  solid  substance  to  which  the  diseased  germs  can  adhere 
are  conveyed  to  the  healthy  fowls. 

Prevention  and  Cure:  Heat  destroys  the  cholera  germ. 
If  the  food  or  drink  be  boiled  or  heated  to  boiling  point,  and 
fed  from  vessels  cleansed  with  boiling  water,  it  will  remove 
this  source  of  infection.     The  birds  should  be  fed  through  ft 


®@  DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE. 

slatted  partition,  as  their  feet  may  be  a  source  of  infection. 
All  healthy  birds  should  be  removed  from  the  infected  pen, 
(Do  not  remove  sick  birds,  as  the  pen  is  already  infected.) 
Remove  all  the  droppings  or  other  filth.  Sprinkle  every  part 
of  the  pen  with  Instant  Louse  Killer  and  do  it  well.  Repeat 
every  three  or  four  days. 

Give  the  sick  birds  Dr.  Hess  Poultry  Pan-a-ce-a  regularly  as 
directed.  Give  those  not  affected  the  Pan-a-ce-a  as  a  preventive. 

Coops  and  rooms  should  be  thoroughly  disinfected  with 
Dr.  Hess  Dip  and  Disinfectant. 

Simple  Catarrh. 

This  is  a  simple  inflammation  of  the  mucous  membranes  of 
the  nose,  eyes  and  the  ducts  leading  from  the  eyes  to  nostrils. 
The  mouth,  larynx,  pharynx,  and  upper  portions  of  trachea 
(windpipe)  may  also  be  the  seat  of  catarrh.  In  catarrh  the  dis= 
charge  is  slight,  watery  and  does  not  emit  much,  if  any,  odor. 
Catarrh  arises  from  exposure  to  cold,  and  wet,  to  filthy  runs,  etc0 

The  treatment  of  catarrh  is  simple  and  consists  first  in 
removing  the  cause,  such  as  exposure  to  cold  draughts,  wet 
ftin,  want  of  cleanliness,  etc.,  giving  the  birds  a  clean,  light 
dry  run,  treating  them  with  tonics  in  warm  tood.  As  a  tonie 
with  the  morning  feed  nothing  equals  Dr.  Hess  Poultry  Pan= 
s-ce-a.  In  fact,  this  remedy  is  all  that  is  required,  where  care 
of  the  flock  as  suggested  above  has  been  observed.  When  the 
discharge  from  the  inflamed  mucous  membrane  becomes  thick> 
purulent  and  fetid,  the  disease  is  then  known  as 

Roup. 

Roup  results  from  close  air,  extreme  variations  in  tempei 
suture  between  day  and  night,  or  sudden  changes  as  cold  waves 
iamp  houses,  draughts  of  cold  air  striking  the  birds,  especially 
while  on  the  roost,  etc. ;  associating  with  birds  already  affected, 
Improper  food  and  filthy  water,  over- crowding,  filth  or  othef 
influences  that  tend  to  lower  the  vitality  of  the  fowl. 

The  introduction  of  a  diseased  bird  or  one  that  has  appar- 
ently recovered  from  disease  will  often  be  the  cause  of  many 
new  cases  in  the  run.  Purulent  discharges  dropping  from  the 
nostrils  of  a  diseased  bird  into  the  feeding  trough  or  drinking 
vessel  may  be  the  direct  cause  of  the  canker  mouth  and  throat. 

Birds  that  have  suffered  from  a  severe  attack  of  roup  should 
not  be  kept  for  breeding  stock,  as  their  chicks  are  almost  sure 
to  be  delicate  and  develop  roup  upon  the  slightest  exposure. 

Symptoms:  The  first  symptoms  of  roup  may  be  a  slight 
drowsiness,  diminished  appetite,  redness  of  the  mucous  mem- 
branes with  a  watery  discharge  from  the  nostrils,  which  soon* 


DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE.  89 

becomes  thick  and  yellow  in  color,  bubbles  appear  in  the  cor- 
aers  of  the  eyes  and  the  nasal  discharge  dries  around  the  ori- 
fices, closing  them.  The  bird  will  sneeze  and  shake  its  head 
in  its  effort  to  dislodge  the  offending  matter.  The  eyes  become 
swollen  and  cheesy  masses  appear  beneath  the  lids,  cankerous 
sores  appear  in  the  mouth  and  throat;  if  the  mucous  membrane 
of  the  throat  becomes  much  inflamed  the  breathing  becomes 
difficult  and  the  bird  makes  a  wheezing  noise,  especially  while 
on  the  roost.  If  the  swelling  is  very  bad  or  the  nostrils  become 
pasted  shut,  the  bird  will  keep  the  mouth  open  to  obtain  air„ 
Nodules  often  form  upon  the  comb,  about  the  eyes  or  even 
upon  the  tongue.  These  large  warty  growths  entirely  close 
the  eyes,  or  when  situated  upon  the  tongue  prevent  the  bird 
from  taking  food.  In  severe  cases  of  roup  the  discharge 
becomes  yellow  and  very  offensive,  the  whole  head  seems  to  be 
filled  with  pus  of  the  most  offensive  character,  the  bird  is 
unable  to  eat,  becomes  weak  and  soon  dies. 

Treatment:  The  fowls  should  be  given  the  very  best  sur- 
roundings before  any  treatment  is  attempted.  It  is  useless  to 
make  local  applications  or  give  remedies  internally,  so  long  as 
the  birds  are  housed  in  a  damp  run,  are  exposed  to  draughts  of 
cold  aii,  or  compelled  to  eat  food  or  drink  water  that  has 
received  the  discharges  from  diseased  birds,  or  while  the  birds 
are  over-crowded  or  kept  in  a  filthy  place.  Provide  a  clean, 
dry,  well-lighted  place  for  diseased  birds.  Disinfect  the  run 
by  using  Instant  Louse  Killer  freely.  This  destroys  the  poison 
of  disease,  and,  being  in  powder  form,  does  not  cause  the 
dampness  so  objectionable  in  liquid  disinfectants.  Scald  out 
the  drinking  vessels  and  feeding  troughs  every  day. 

For  mild  cases  good  care  with  Dr.  Hess  Poultry  Pan-a-ce-a 
in  the  morning  feed  will  be  all  that  is  necessary  to  effect  a  cure. 
The  Pan-a-ce-a  is  an  excellent  tonic,  besides  having  special 
properties  which  counteract  the  poison  of  roup.  It  should  be 
given  regularly  to  all  birds  affected  with  this  disease.  As  a 
local  application  equal  parts  of  peroxide  of  hydrogen  and  water 
applied  with  a  soft  brush  or  injected  into  the  nostrils  with  a  small 
syringe  is  good  treatment;  an  ounce  of  creolin  dissolved  in  four 
ounces  of  water  may  be  used  the  same  way  with  good  results. 
A  dram  of  powdered  blue  stone  dissolved  in  two  ounces  of 
water  makes  a  splendid  application  for  indolent  canker  sores. 
It  should  be  applied  with  a  camel's  hair  brush  to  the  sores  only, 
If  diluted  with  eight  times  the  amount  of  water  it  makes  a 
good  injection  for  the  nostrils,  a  small  amount  can  also  be 
dropped  into  the  eye  if  the  discharge  is  profuse. 

Nitrate  of  silver  thirty  grains  to  the  ounce  of  water,  is  a 
good  remedy  to  apply  to  the  unhealthy  or  indolent  cankers. 


90 


DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE. 


This  is  a  very  strong  solution  and  should  be  applied,  only  to 
the  canker.  Monsel's  solution  is  also  a  splendid  application 
for  canker  sores  or  unhealthy  growths  or  ulcers  about  the 
comb.  Two  or  three  grains  of  sulphate  of  zinc  dissolved  in 
an  ounce  of  water  is  excellent  for  those  cases  in  which  the  eyes 
are  badly  swollen  and  the  discharge  is  profuse.  A  drop  or  two 
should  be  put  into  the  eye  twice  a  day  with  a  dropper. 

For  severe  cases,  characterized  by  enlarged  head,  canker  in 
the  mouth,  very  disagreeable  discharge  from  the  eyes  and  nos- 
trils, the  following  treatment  is  probably  the  best  and  most  satis- 
factory that  can  be  empk>3Ted.  Take  a  bucket  nearly  full  of 
warm  water,  pour  on  top  of  the  water  three  or  four  ounces  of 
kerosene  oil.  The  oil  will  remain  on  top  of  the  water.  Take 
the  diseased  bird  by  the  bead  and  legs  and  dip  the  head  into 
the  oil  so  that  the  eyes  are  covered,  hold  a  few  seconds,  take 
the  head  and  wipe  dry;  do  not  be  too  slow  in  taking  out  the 
bird  or  in  wiping  the  head  dry  or  the  feathers  will  come  out 
It  is  seldom  necessary  to  repeat  the  application,  and  where 
good  care  is  observed  with  tonics,  such  as  Dr.  Hess  Poultry 
Pan-a-ce-a,  given  internally,  almost  every  bird  so  treated  will 
make  a  speedy  recovery.  Disinfect  everywhere  with  Dr.  Hess 
Dip  and  Disinfectant;  put  a  few  drops  in  the  drinking  water „ 

Lice. 

There  is  little  doubt  but  that  the  many  cases  of  so-called 
cholera  among  fowls  is  not  cholera  at  all,  but  some  other  and 
unrecognized  disease,  or  their  real  trouble  may  be  found  in  not 
a  few  cases  directly  traceable  to  lice. 


A  case  in  point  is  that  of  a  farmer  who  insisted  that  his 
fowls  d;ed  of  cholera,  and  that  cholera  was  always  caused  by 
or  accompanied  by  lice,  and  that  a  line  of  treatment  directed 
against  lice  always  brought  great  improvement  in  his  cholera 
patients.  No  doubt  the  myraids  of  lice  that  infested  his  birds 
were  the  true  cause  of  the  trouble.  When  your  chicks  or 
turkej's  become  weak,  sick  and  debilitated,  refuse  to  eat,  sit 
around  with  eyes  half  closed,  feathers  ruded,  wings  drooping, 
or  they  have  diarrhoea,  and  keep  up  a  plaintive  cry  look 
out  for  the  large  gray  head-lice,  a  single  one  of  which  will  kill 
a  chick  or  young  turkey.  Lice  will  kill  fowls  almost  as  rapidly 
and  surely  as  cholera,  and  while  we  do  not  recommend  our 


DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE.  91 

Poultry  Pan-a-ce-a  as  a  preventive  or  a  destroyer  of  these 
parasites,  it  will  be  found  of  the  greatest  utility  in  toning  up 
the  fowls,  while  other  means  may  be  directed  to  the  destruc- 
tion of  lice. 

Instant  Louse  Killer  will  destroy  these  pests  at  once, 
and  is  lasting,  cheap  and  easily  applied.  The  small  mite 
which  infests  the  roosts  and  pen  and  visits  the  birds  at  night 
is  not  much  less  annoying  to  the  fowls,  although  less  danger 
ous  to  life.  They  leave  the  bird  to  hide  in  the  cracks  or  filth 
of  the  pen  and  attack  the  fowl  when  opportunity  affords. 
The  large  gray  louse  never  leaves  the  fowl  except  by  accident , 

There  are  many  varieties  of  different  lice  that  infest  the 
domestic  fowls.     The  rapid  development  and  multiplication  oi 
these  insects  is  most  wonderful,  thousands  developing  from  a 
single  pair  in  the  course  of  a  few  weeks.     Filth,  heat  and  dry 
weather  favor  the  development  and  propagation  of  these  para 
sites.     No  disease  of  domestic  fowls  is  so  persistent,  destruc 
tive  and  difficult  to  completely  remove  as  phthiriasis  (lousi 
ness).     It  is  only  by  persistent  efforts  and  continued  warfare 
against  these  parasites  that  they  can  be  kept  in  subjection 
Instant  Louse  Killer  is  the  very  best  article  so  far  found  to 
destroy  these  pests,  and  its  effects  are  largely  due  to  its  powui 
to  cleanse  and  destroy  putrefactive  matter.     It  is  non-poison= 
ous  to  higher  forms  of  animal  life,  but  speedily  destroys  low 
animal  organisms. 

Apoplexy. 

This  disease  occurs  among  fowls  that  are  very  fat.  The 
heavier  breeds  are  most  prone  to  suffer.  The  attack  is  sudden, 
no  previous  illness  being  shown.  Fowls  suffering  from  ap- 
oplexy often  drop  from  the  perch  dead,  are  found  dead  on  the 
nest,  or  from  some  slight  exertion  expire. 

Treatment:  Cut  down  the  amount  of  food,  especially  fat 
forming  food  such  as  corn,  and  compel  birds  to  take  exercise. 
Laxatives  also  are  of  advantage.  A  dram  of  sulphate  of  soda 
dissolved  in  a  small  amount  of  water,  and  used  to  moisten  the 
food  for  twenty  to  thirty  chickens  acts  nicely  as  a  laxative. 

Leg  Weakness. 

Leg  weakness  is  the  name  commonly  applied  to  a  condition 
in  fowls,  characterized  by  an  irregular,  weak,  uncertain  mo- 
tion when  the  bird  attempts  to  move.  All  degrees  and  stages 
of  disease  may  occur,  even  from  a  slight  irregularity  or  un- 
certainty in  the  step  when  the  bird  attempts  to  walk,  to  total 
inability  to  progress,  and  even  to  stand  is  a  feat  beyond  the 
strength  of  the  bird.  Sometimes  the  fowl  will  attempt  to 
walk,  but  suddenly  tilt  forward  or  backward  and  extend  its 


92  DR.  HESS  *  SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE. 

wings  to  aid  in  preserving  its  equilibrium.  The  appetite  very 
often  remains  good,  and  the  fowl  will  greedily  swallow  any 
food  that  happens  to  come  within  its  reach,  or  will  even  make 
an  effort  to  reach  food  in  sight. 

Cause:  The  cause  of  this  disease  is  no  doubt  largely  due 
to  improper  food  or  to  the  want  of  proper  digestion  and  assim- 
ilation of  the  food  taken.  Young  birds  of  the  larger  and 
heavier  breeds,  whose  growth  is  very  rapid,  are  most  frequently 
affected,  but  this  rule  is  not  without  exceptions. 

It  is  an  admitted  fact  by  physiologists  that  certain  kinds  of 
food  go  to  repair  the  tissue  and  the  formation  of  muscular 
fibre,  while  another  class  supplies  heat  for  the  body  and  forma- 
tion of  fat.  If  these  foods  are  not  each  supplied  to  meet  the 
special  requirements  the  bird  must  suffer  to  that  extent.  Dur- 
ing the  growth  of  bone,  muscular  tissue  and  feathers,  a  great 
quantity  of  food  rich  in  nitrogen  and  the  mineral  salts  so  nec- 
essary for  the  growth  of  bone  is  required.  In  the  mammalia, 
or  those  animals  which  suckle  their  young,  no  food  is  so  nutri- 
tious or  so  well  adapted  to  the  growth  of  the  offspring  as  the 
milk  of  the  dam.  Cow's  milk  is  found  to  be  rich  in  the  salts 
of  potash,  soda,  calcium,  iron  and  others,  also  to  contain 
casein,  albumin  and  other  nitrogenous  bodies  which  go  to  the 
construction  of  muscular  tissue.  Sugars,  starches  and  fats, 
when  fed  alone  or  to  the  exclusion  of  such  articles  as  lean 
meat,  milk,  blood,  eggs,  beans  and  other  nitrogenous  materials, 
form  too  much  fat  without  material  for  muscle  and  bone,  and 
this,  no  doubt,  is  the  cause  in  many  cases  of  the  disease  under 
discussion.  A  great  variety  of  food  should  be  given,  and  raw, 
lean  meat  and  milk  should  not  be  overlooked.  Dr.  Hess 
Poultry  Pan-a-ce-a  will  be  of  the  greatest  benefit  in  these 
cases,  as  it  contains  those  salts  of  iron,  potassium,  soda  and  the 
bitter  tonics,  in  the  most  easily  digested  form  and  will  supply 
the  salts  so  necessary  for  the  rapid  and  well  balanced  growth 
of  the  young  fowl,  yet  so  frequently  absent  or  supplied  in  very 
much  too  small  quantities  in  the  food. 

Worms  in  the  Intestines  of  Fowls. 

There  are  no  less  than  ten  different  kinds  of  tape- worms 
described  and  found  in  the  domestic  fowl.  Besides  these  there 
are  numerous  round  worms  that  are  of  no  importance,  as  far  as 
they  are  associated  with  disease.  The  most  common  tape-worm 
of  the  fowl  is  from  one  to  ten  inches  long,  or  even  longer,  and 
one  twenty-fifth  to  one-tenth  of  an  inch  wide.  They  are  seg- 
mented or  jointed,  the  same  as  those  found  in  man.  They  are 
all  provided  with  small  hooklets  by  which  they  fasten  to  the 
lining  of  the   bowels.      They  have   no  alimentary  canal  or 


DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE.  95 

passage-way  for  food,  but  each  joint  is  provided  with  sexual 
organs  and  loaded  with  eggs;  these  joints  become  detached 
from  the  head  of  the  worm  and  may  be  found  in  the  droppings 
of  the  fowl. 

Fowls  that  bear  numerous  tape- worms  lose  their  appetite,  be- 
come poor  in  flesh,  dull  and  feeble,  wander  off  alone,  and  sit  with 
the  head  under  the  wing  with  the  feathers  standing  out.  Diar- 
rhoea, with  dizziness  and  stiffness  of  the  legs  have  been  noticed. 

Treatment:  The  worms  may  be  removed  by  giving  the 
fowls  a  teaspoonful  of  powdered  pomegranate  root,  for  every 
fifty  chickens,  in  their  food.  Or  a  dram  of  powdered  Areca  nut 
should  be  given  in  the  food  for  thirty  fowls.  Powdered  male 
fern  may  be  given  in  the  same  dose  and  manner  as  Areca  nut. 
The  drug  that  is  selected  should  be  given  after  a  period  of  ten 
hours'  fasting,  or  give  Dr.  Hess  Worm  Powder  as  directed* 
The  following  morning,  a  soft  feed  should  be  given,  and  a  few 
ounces  of  Glauber  salts  should  be  dissolved  in  the  water  used 
to  mix  the  food. 

Canker, 

Canker  may  develop  from  a  cold.  They  appear  as  indolent 
sores  about  the  mouth  and  mucous  membrane. 

Treatment:  If  white,  cheesy  substances  are  present 
remove  carefully  and  apply,  with  a  swab  or  brush,  Monsel's 
Solution.     A  few  applications  will  overcome  the  disease, 

Woulting. 

At  the  moulting  season  poultry  requires  extra  care.  The 
requirements  necessary  for  the  growth  of  feathers  tax  the 
digestive  and  assimilative  powers  to  their  utmost.  Foods  rich 
in  nitrogenous  materials  are  especially  useful,  and  Dr.  Hess 
Poultry  Pan-a-ce-a  will*  be  of  very  great  advantage.  Its  use 
should  begin  early  and  continue  regularly  through  the  season. 

Diphtheria. 

This  is  a  disease  characterized  by  great  prostration  of 
strength;  the  feathers  are  ruffled,  birds  appear  sleepy,  the  neck 
appears  stiff,  there  is  fever  with  discharges  from  the  nostrils 
and  sticky  fluid  from  the  mouth,  th^  larynx  or  top  of  the 
windpipe  is  swollen  and  has  a  red,  inliamed  appearance;  later 
on  they  become  purple  and  discharge  a  thick,  fetid  pus,  a 
tough  membrane  may  form  adhering  to  the  walls  of  the  throat. 
As  this  membrane  becomes  thickened,  it  may  entirely  close 
the  larynx,  and  cause  death  by  suffocation.  It  is  frequently 
associated  with  paralysis  or  loss  of  motion. 

Treatment:  Place  the  bird  in  a  warm  and  even  temper- 
ature. Dust  sulphite  of  calcium  over  the  diseased  part  of  the 
throat  two  or  three  times  a  day;  or  equal  parts  of  boracic  acid 


94  DR.  HESS    SCIENTIFIC  TREATISE. 

and  powdered  hydrastis  can  be  dusted  into  the  throat  three 
times  a  day  to  advantage. 

If  cankers  appear  within  the  throat,  touch  with  a  solution 
of  ten  grains  of  nitrate  of  silver  to  an  ounce  of  water.  Give 
gruels,  such  as  raw  eggs  with  beef  tea,  followed  with  tonics, 
or  syrup  of  hypo-phosphites  is  an  excellent  article  in  the  later 
stages.  This  should  be  followed  with  a  long  continued  course 
of  Dr.  Hess   Poultry  Pan-a-ce-a. 

Mites. 

Mites  are  small  lice  which  lodge  in  the  crevices  and  cracks 
of  the  pen  during  the  day  and  attack  the  fowls  while  on  the 
roost  at  night.  They  are  extremely  annoying  and  difficult  to 
destroy.  They  can  be  completly  eradicated  from  the  premises 
by  the  use  of  Instant  Louse  Killer  strictly  as  directed. 

Blackhead  in  Turkeys. 

Blackhead  is  a  malignant,  contagious  disease  of  turkeys. 
It  is  called  blackhead  because  the  heads  of  those  affected  usu- 
ally turn  yellow  or  black,  but  this  is  only  a  symp- 
tom, as  the  true  seat  of  the  disease  is  in  the  liver 
and  intestines. 

The  lining  or  mucous  membrane  of  the  intes- 
tines, especially  the  pronged  blind  portion  of  the 
bowels,  is  ulcerated  and  thickened,  as  shown  in  cut, 
the  liver  contains  numerous  abscesses  and  is  mottled 
and  broken  dowrn.  The  bird  becomes  infected  early 
in  life,  and  is  then  capable  of  transmitting  the  dis- 
ease by  means  of  the  discharges  to  other  fowls  feed- 
ing from  the  same  run. 

Symptoms:  The  fowls  have  a  sleeply,  dejected  Bowel? 
look,  the  heads  turn  yellow  or  black,  the  droppings  are  thin 
and  yellow,  the  appetite  is  lost,  the  fowls  are  quite  thirsty, 
become  very  poor,  and  usually  succumb  in  4  to  6  days.  The 
disease  is  most  prevalent  in  the  latter  part  of  July  or  August 
and  at  the  beginning  of  cold  weather  in  the  Fall. 

Treatment:  Turkeys  should  be  given  a  tablespoon ful  of 
Drl  Hess  Poultry  Pan-a-ce-a  once  a  day  to  every  1 5  or  20,  mixed 
with  ground  feed  in  the  morning,  and  add  only  sufficient  water 
to  make  it  thick  and  crumbly.  Feed  from  scalded  troughs. 
Pan-a-ce-a  will  not  cure  in  every  case,  but  it  will  do  much  to  the 
retard  progress  of  dise^c&*«u  improve  the  condition  of  the  fowl. 

If  blackhead  is  known  to  be  present  all  the  droppings  should 
be  carefully  collected  and  burned,  birds  should  be  changed  to 
a  new  run  and  roosts,  sprinkle  with  Dr.  Hess  Dip  and  Disin- 
fectant. Drinking  vessels  and  feeding  troughs  should  be 
scalded  out  frequently. 


DR.  HESS  POULTRY  PAN-A-CE-A 
-©-PAYS  THE  GROCERY  BILLS-®- 


There  is  absolute  certainty  about  the  result  of  feeding  Dr. 
Hess  Poultry  Pan-a-ce-a;  it  is  simply  another  illustration  of 
cause  and  effect.  Dr.  Hess  (M.  D.,  D.V.  S.)  has  studied  the 
egg  making  process  and  we  submit  this  poultry  book  as  evidence 
of  his  ability  to  formulate  a  poultry  preparation  that  he  caa 
positively  guarantee  to  ma^e  hens  lay. 


767  Eggs  from  37  Hens. 

JOHN  W.  TINSON,  47  Main  St.,  So.  Weymouth,  Mass.,  says:  "I  fed 
Dr.  Hess  Poultry  Pan-a-ce-a  to  40  young  pullets  that  commenced  to  lay  in 
November,  did  not  make  any  account  cf  them  until  December  1st.  Com- 
menced to  feed  in  December  and  got  152  eggs.  In  January  got  371  eggs; 
February,  the  month  that  I  thought  they  would  lay  the  best,  I  did  not  feed 
any  Pan-a-ce-a,  and  got  329  eggs.  The  1st  of  March  commenced  to  give 
Poultry  Pan-a-ce-a  and  got  in  this  month  767  eggs  from  37  hens.  I  am 
satisfied  it  pays  to  use  Dr.  Hess  Poultry  Pan-a-ce-a. '  * 


SOLD  ON  A    WRITTEN  GUARANTEE. 

Manufactured  by   DR.  HESS  &  CLARK,   Ashland,  Ohio. 


INSTANT  LOUSE  KILLER  KILLS  LICE 


Instant  Louse  Killer  is  guaranteed  to  destroy  lice  on 
poultry,  stock  of  all  kinds,  ticks  on  sheep,  bugs  on  cucumber,, 
gquash  and  melon  vines,  cabbage  worms,  slugs  on  rose  bushes; 

etc.  Statistics  prove  that  50  per 
cent  of  the  yearly  poultry  hatch 
is  destroyed  by  diseases  and  lice, 
and  egg  production  is  materially 
decreased. 

InstantLouse  Killer  is  a  powder 
put  up  in  round  cans  with  per- 
forated tops,  and  can  be  conven- 
iently dusted  on  setting    hens, 
nests,   roosts  and 
about    the    poultry 
house.     It  is  also  a 
disinfectant  and  de- 
odorizer,   therefore, 
destroys  the  germs 
of  disease  and  keeps 
poultry   houses 
healthy. 

No  poultry  raiser  that  once  tests  the  merits  of  this  scientific 
preparation,  for  five  times  its  cost,  would  ever  again  be 
without  it. 

Your  dealer  will  supply  you  with  Instant  Xouse  Killer  with 
the  understanding  that  if  it  doesn't  give»entire  satisfaction  in 
every  particular  your  money  is  to  be  refunded. 


NO  TIME  TO  LA  Y 

when  fighting  lice. 


J.  J.  MORI  ARTY,  Greenville,  Iowa,  says:  *«  I  have  used  Instant 
Xouse  Killer  for  lice  on  horses,  cattle,  etc.,  and  have  also  used  it  for  bugs 
on  cucumber  vines,  cabbage,  etc.,  and  will  say  I  have  never  had  a  failure 
from  it,  and  can  conscientiously  recommend  it". 


\  SOLO  ON  A    WRITTEN  GUARANTEE. 

Manufactured  by  DR.  HESS  &  CLARK,   Ashland,  Ohio. 


